阅读理解 Evaluating employee performance is a key of management skills. The challenge is to give the employees an accurate picture of chief accomplishments, and of the areas in which they need to prove. Both are important: accomplishments because they give the employee a sense of pride in the work and basis on which to build future achievements, and areas for improvement, because they give the employee some goals to reach for. Often, employees fear that the evaluation will be a negative experience. This fear alone can endanger defensiveness and tension which result in self-fulfilling prophecy. The supervisor must take pains to alleviate (减轻) the employee''s fear and make the evaluation a participatory event. An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the recommendations. The employees must always bear in mind that the sole legitimate domain of an employee appraisal system is to improve employees'' performance. While areas needing improvement must be done reviewed, this should always be done in the spirit of discovering goals that the employee can work toward. This holds true for reviewing success as well. While praise for past achievements may be used as reward, to endanger loyalty, or for other reasons, at the time of evaluation, the primary reason to look at the person''s successes is to determine areas in which he or she can continue to excel; perhaps, the most effective way to make the evaluation a participatory event is to ask the employee to come prepared for the meeting. The employer and the employee each should carefully review the job description prior to the evaluation meeting and should make notes on areas in which the employee had difficulty or has made a contribution. At the evaluation meeting, the employer must establish a positive and comfortable mood. The employee should be invited to review his or her lists first. Almost always the employee''s notes will be very similar to what the employer has written. If the employer simply verifies what the employee has said, the employee will be much less anxious about the procedure, and much more likely to work toward the goals.

单选题 Evaluation is often a negative experience because___________.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】本题为细节题。源信息在第二段的开始部分“Often，employees fear that the evaluation will be a negative experience．This fear alone can endanger defensiveness and tension which result in self-fulfilling prophecy．The supervisor must take pains to alleviate the employee’s fear and make the evaluation a participatory event．”选项B中的tense和源信息句的tension 只是词性不同，而且该选项的意义也最符合原文，据此，可以判断选项B正确。

单选题 Evaluation should focus on___________.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】本题为细节题。但是需要对源信息加以归纳。本题的源信息在文章第三段“While praise for past achievements may be used as reward，to endanger loyalty，or for other reasons，at the time of evaluation，the primary reason to look at the person’s successes is to determine areas in which he or she can continue to excel”。从这句话可以看出，对雇员的评估是两方面的，一方面是其过去的成绩，另一方面是有待改进的地方。对照四个选项，可以判断选项D为正确答案。选项A和选项B都是部分正确，不完整；选项C虽然文章提及，但是显然不是对雇员评估的焦点。故选D)。

单选题 One way to alleviate employees'' anxiety is___________.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据文章的第二段的“The supervisor must take pains to alleviate the employee’s fear and make the evaluation a participatory event．An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the recommendations．”和第三段的“If the employer simply verifies what the employee has said, the employee will be much less anxious about the procedure”的信息归纳总结可以得出结论，减轻雇员的焦虑感是让其参与评估会，列举自己的成绩和不足，提出自己对自己的看法和评价，故选B项。选项D和原文信息相反，选项A貌似正确，但与题目及原文不符；同理选项C不正确。

单选题 The sole legitimate domain of evaluation is to___________.

单选题 The key to participatory evaluation is that both parties___________.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】本题的源信息在第二段的末句“…make the evaluation a participatory event．An employee who contributes ideas to his or her evaluation will be much more likely to agree with the outcome and be willing to follow the recommendations．”和第三段的后半部分及末句“If the employer simply verifies what the employee has said，the employee will be much less anxious about the procedure，and much more likely to work toward the goals．”据此，可以判断选项C正确。其他三个选项都是雇员参与式评估所包含的，意思正确，但不是关键所在，不符合题目要求，故排除。