【正确答案】The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course.

【答案解析】[解析] “博大精深”和“源远流长”分别译成形容词extensive and profound，及动词短语start far back and run a long, long course。

【正确答案】As far back as more than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, "the masters' hundred schools./

【答案解析】[解析] “早在2000多年前”可译为as far back as more than 2000 years ago，较简单的译法more than 2000 years ago也可接受。另外，许多中国历史名人的名字早已采用威妥玛一翟理斯拼音法译成英文，在国外流传已久。文中出现的Confucius(孔子)和Mencius(孟子)即是采用该译法而不改回汉语拼音的例证，若译为Kong Zi或Kong Qiu，会被误认为是中国历史上另一位名人。其他我们熟悉的采用该拼音法的人名英译有：孙中山Sun Yat-sen，宋庆龄Soong Ching-ling，毛译东Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)，蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek，董建华Tung Chee-hwa等。还有一些中国人名英译采取音译形式，比如上文的老子(Lao Tze)，庄子(chuang Tse)。再如：杜甫(Tu Fu)，荀子(Xun Zi)，蒲松龄(Pu Songling)，司马迁(Sima Qian)，吴承恩(Wu Cheng'en)等。至于关于汉语“学说”一词的翻译，如是单独出现，泛指一切学说，可用theory一词翻译，如专指某个学说，比如上文的儒家学说或道家学说，可用英语后缀-ism表示，如上文Confucianism和Taoism。

【正确答案】From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic.

【答案解析】[解析] 由后缀范畴词“性”构成的词汇在现代汉语中使用广泛。这类词表义简洁、使用经济、功能多样。带词缀“性”的词语的翻译主要在词汇层面进行，一般情况下以直译为主。但由于它在汉语中可作不同的句子成分，翻译时也应适当选用英语中具有相应词性的词语或短语。如找不到对等词，则可采用意译，或把直译与意译有机结合起来。上文中的“人民性”和“民主性”用作形容词，可译成与其对应的形容词。此处，即译成表语形容词populist和democratic。再如：
李忠见鲁达凶猛，敢怒而不敢言，只得赔笑道：“好急性的人。”Li Zhong was angry, but he dare not protest. Lu Da was obviously much too fierce. "How impatient you are!" Li said with a placating smile.
此外，有时可通过调整句子结构，将汉语中作宾语的带词缀“一性”的抽象名词译成英语的表语形容词。如：
全党同志要牢牢把握这个根本要求，不断增强贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的自觉性和坚定性。
All Party members must be keenly aware of the basic requirement and become more conscious and determined in implementing this important thought.
在这个问题上，他的建议颇具建设性。His suggestion on this question is extremely constructive.
当由词缀“-性”构成的词修饰名词时，前者明显具形容词特征，表示限定关系，如“突破性进展”、“决定性胜利”等。带“-性”的名词一般译成英语的限定性形容词。如：历史性贡献historic contribution，基础性作用essential role。带词缀“-性”的汉语词多是抽象名词。其中不少属范畴词，主要功能是表明词性或调节语气。以抽象名词译抽象名词，直译是首选。如：
保持党同人民群众的血肉联系，保持党的先进性、纯洁性和团结统一。The Party must keep its flesh-and-blood ties with the people as well as its progressiveness, purity, solidarity and unity.
离开发展，坚持党的先进性、发挥社会主义制度的优越性和实现民富国强都无从谈起。
Without development, it would be impossible to maintain the progressiveness of the Party, give play to the superiority of the socialist system, and make the objective of Prosperity of China a reality.
汉语存在着带词缀“-性”的名词，后加助词“地”修饰谓语动词这种用法。这里可以把带词缀“-性”的名词理解为形容词，后可加“地”。由此可将其译为相应的英语副词。如：
这个方案永久性地解决了长期困扰两国的边界问题。The plan solves the border problem which troubles the two countries permanently.
在庆祝会上，从来不沾酒的他也象征性地喝了一杯。At the celebration Party, he, who had never drunk, also had a glass oF wine symbolically.

【正确答案】For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that the world is for all, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, "everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country" and long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education.

【答案解析】[解析] 原文中有多个四字习语，其中包括成语(吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教、天下为公)和格言(天下兴亡，匹夫有责)。习语的翻译不只是单纯的文字转换，更多的是文化内涵的移植。文化含义在习语的翻译中具有重要作用。译文灵活采用了直译、意译、直译和意译结合的方法，力争达到原文与译文在内容和形式上的完美对等。

【正确答案】All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.

【答案解析】[解析] “维系”和“调节”在英译文中分别转译为动词bind和regulate。