单选题 .  There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960. During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created     1    converting old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the     2    of students more than doubled, from 70,000 to     3    than 200, 000. By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen     4    twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are private institutions. Each has its     5    governing councils,     6    some local businessmen and local politicians as     7    as a few academies. The state began to give grants to them fifty years     8    , and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its     9    from state grants. Students have to     10    fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place     11    he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and     12    unless his parents are     13    . Most     14    take jobs in the summer     15    about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside     16    during the academic year. The Department of Education takes     17    for the payment which covers the whole expenditure of the     18    , but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence     19    new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly     20    of academics.1.