单选题
There are many ways of dealing with offenders that do not involve the payment of money. One is probation, a system that takes many different forms in different jurisdictions but that essentially involves the suspension of sentence on the of fender subject to the condition that he is supervised while living in the community by a probation officer and possibly agrees to comply with such other requirements as the court many think appropriate. Usually, if the offender complies with the probation officer and commits no further offense while it is in force, no other penalty is imposed, but if he breaks the requirement of the order or commits another offense, he can be brought back before the court and punished for the original offense as well as the later one. In many U. S. states. probation is combined with a suspended sentence, so that the sentence the offender will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance; in England the sentence is not fixed in advance, and the court has complete discretion if there is a breach to sentence the offender for the original crime in light of his tater behaviour. English law allows suspended sentence of of imprisonment for a specified period ( not more than two years), on condition that tile offender commit no further offense during the period of suspension. This is different from a probation order, as no supervision is required and no other conditions may be included in the order. Other alternatives to prison are based on the idea of preventing an offender from committing further offenses, without necessarily confining him in a prison. The most familiar power of this kind is that of disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle or from holding a driver's license. This power is available under the laws of most countries to deal with those offenders who either commit serious driving offenses, such as driving while intoxicated, or who commit repeated but less serious offenses, such as speeding. In many countries there exists a system in which the offender is awarded a number of points each time he commits a motoring offense; when the number of points accumulated reaches a certain figure, he is automatically disqualified for a specified period. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving those offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offender from committing further such offenses. Although attractive in the abstract, this seldom works well in practice, as the absence of a driver’s license may well prevent an offender from finding work after release from prison; as a result he may be likely to commit further crimes. Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes: a fraudulent company director may be disqualified from being involved in the direction of a company, a corrupt politician may be disqualified from holding public office, or a parent who sexually abuses his children may be deprived of parental authority over them.
单选题
The first paragraph is primarily about ______. A. ways of dealing with offenders B. the probation system C. the suspension of sentence on the offender D. the suspended sentence of imprisonment
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】该题问：第一段主要谈论的是什么?本题要求判断第一段的主旨大意。该段第一句说：“除罚款外，还有多种处罚违法分子的办法”。该段从第二句起，直到最后一句，集中论述probation system(缓刑)这种处置方法。所以，选项B的the probation system应为答案。同时可知，选项A的ways of dealing with offenders(处罚违法分子的不同办法)的范围超过了第一段，不是答案。选项C的the suspension of sentence on the offender(缓期执行判决)和选项D的the suspended sentence of imprisonment(缓期监禁)都是执行probation order(缓刑命令)所涉及的具体做法，不能概括该段的主旨大意，不是答案。
单选题
Which of the following statements is true according to this passage? A. If an offender breaks the probation order and commits no further offense, no other penalty is imposed. B. If an offender complies with the probation order, he will be punished merely for the original offense. C. If an offender in the U.S. breaks the probation order, he has to serve a sentence fixed in advance. D. If an offender in Britain breaks the probation order, he has to serve a fixed sentence for a specified period.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】该题问：根据文章，下面哪一种说法是正确的?由第一段第六行if he breaks the requirement of the order…， he can be brought back before the court and punished…可知，选项A的If an offender breaks the probation order and commits no further offense，no other penalty is imposed不正确；由该段第五行Usually，if the offender complies with the probation order and commits no further offense while it is in force，no other penalty is imposed．．．可知，选项B的 If an offender complies with the probation order，he will be punished merely for the original offense不正确；由该段第八行In many U．S．states probation is combined with a suspended sentence，so that the sentence the offender will have to serve if he breaks the order is fixed in advance；in England the sentence is not fixed in advance．．．可知，选项C的 If an offender in the U．S．breaks the probation order，he has to serve a sentence fixed in advance正确，应为答案；同时可知，选项D的If an offender in Britain breaks the probation order，he has to serve a fixed sentence for a specified period不正确。
单选题
The second paragraph is mainly about ______. A. alternatives to prison B. preventing an offender from committing offenses C. the imposition of disqualification of offenders D. disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】该题问：第二段主要谈论的是什么?本题要求判断第二段的主旨大意。该段从第二句开始直到最后一句谈的都是disqualifying an offender(取消违法犯罪分子的…资格)以防止其再次违法犯罪的问题。所以，选项C的the imposition of disqualification on offenders正确，应为答案。因为第一段的probation system和第二段的disqualifying an offender都是alternatives to prison(代替监禁的其他方法)，选项A的范围超过了第二段，不是答案；选项B，preventing an offender from committing offense(预防犯罪分子违法犯罪)说得过于笼统，没有涉及disqualifying an offender，不是答案；选项D的disqualifying an offender from driving a motor vehicle(取消违法分子的开车资格)只涉及到一项资格，过于片面，不是答案。
单选题
According to this passage, disqualification ______. A. seldom works well in practice B. usually fails to prevent an offender from committing further offenses C. is only applicable to those offenders who commit serious driving offenses D. may be applied to offenders who have been convicted of various types of offenses
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】该题问：根据文章所讲，不合格就会怎样?由第二段倒数第四行Other forms of disqualification may be imposed on offenders convicted of particular types of crimes(对于其他类别的违法犯罪分子也可采用其他相应形式的取消资格的处罚办法)可知，选项D的may be applied to offenders who have been convicted of various types of offenses正确，应为答案。同时可知，选项C的is only applicable to those of offenders who commit serious driving offenses (只适用严重的交通肇事犯罪分子)不正确；第二段第十一行提到．．．this seldom works well in practice．．．特指该段第八行Some countries．．，such offenses这句话所说的情况，并不是泛指disqualification，所以，选项A不是答案；由第二段第二行The most familiar power of this is that of disqualifying an offender from．．．可知，选项B的usually fails to prevent an offender from committing further offenses(通常不能防止犯罪分子再次违法犯罪)不正确。