One of the most important steps in developing creative abilities is recognizing and owning up to the obstacles to devising creative ideas. The foremost barrier, curiously, is experience. Although experience is often valuable, it can be a liability if in a search for creative ideas. Herman Kahn called experience "educated incapacity," which helps explain why many breakthrough ideas come from outsiders who aren"t encumbered by their experience. Kenneth Olson, founder of Digital Equipment Corp. , relied on his experience in computers when he told the World Future Society"s convention in 1977: "There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home. " That " s exactly when Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were starting Apple Computer in their garage! Assumptions can be another barrier to creativity. For years the greeting card companies labored under the assumption that their competition was other greeting card companies. No doubt this affected-and constrained their creative efforts. However, the unexpected popularity of sending flowers and plants with just a telephone call(e. g. Florists Telegraph Delivery FTD)became significant competition. Judgments are another barrier. When was the last time you quickly responded to an idea with "It will never work," or "We tried that before," or "They"ll never buy it"? Think about judgments you"ve laughed at: "He"ll fall off the end of the earth"(about Christopher Columbus), or "They"ll never replace horses"(said about automobiles), or "Birds were made to fly, not man"(said about airplanes). What about the judgments that are now accepted as valid? What about Einstein"s Theory of Relativity? Might it be superseded in the future, and could today"s acceptance inhibit creativity? Unfortunately, a common barrier to creativity, the "right answer" syndrome, is locked into people"s brains shortly after they start school, with the get-the-rightanswer focus typical of our educational system. Most school systems are better at turning out automatons who can memorize and parrot the right answers they are not so expert at turning out people who can think and invent new answers. The last major barrier to creativity is fear of failure. Failure is actually a great contributor to creativity; it"s a tremendous learning tool. Although too many graduates of the right-answer school are oblivious to the value of failure, Thomas Edison was not. When a friend suggested that his attempts to develop an electric storage battery were a failure since he had tried thousands of materials without success, Edison replied: "Why, man, I"ve got a lot of results! I know several thousand things that won"t work. "

单选题 The author believes that experiences______.

单选题 The author cites what Kenneth Olson said in 1977 to show that______.

单选题 By citing the example of the greeting card companies, the author shows that ______.

单选题 It is implied in the text that Einstein"s Theory of Relativity is______.

单选题 By citing what Edison said, the author intends to show that failure______.