单选题 Obesity is defined as body weight of 15 percent or more above the ideal for one's height and age. (62) this criterion, about one third of the adult population of the United States is obese. The (63) of obesity vary in different races, cultures, sub-cultures, and social classes. In industrialized countries, fatness tends to be (64) correlated with socioeconomic status: people in lower social classes tend to be more obese. In economically backward nations, the direction of the correlation is reversed; the richer, the fatter. The situation in the underdeveloped world probably approximates the (65) of affairs through most of human evolution. Particularly for women, (66) pregnancies could (67) into times of scarcity, larger internal food (68) were adapted in the face of variable external reserves.
Although obesity may sound like a (n) (69) phenomenon, it is to some degree (70) relative. A study of black and white undergraduates yielded (71) results. Even though blacks, and especially black females, were heavier than whites, they were more satisfied with their weight and less likely to find weight in other people (72) Men were more concerned (73) the weight of their dates than women were, but black men were (74) likely to refuse to date a woman because of her weight.
Contemporary North American culture is (75) with thinness, particularly for women. Compared to the Rubenesque view of beauty of just a few centuries ago, the prototypes of feminine beauty (76) in the mass media today look emaciated, that is, extremely thin. The standards have even changed (77) since the 1950s, when the prototype was replete with large breasts and slightly protruding abdomen. A study of Playboy centerfolds found a ten percent decrease in the ratio of weight to height from the late 1950s to the late 1970s, (78) by a dramatic increase in the number of articles on dieting in popular women's magazines. In (79) to contemporary Western societies, some other cultures (80) beauty with bulk. This most often occurs in societies in which food is scarce, (81) women who are healthy and have more resources tend to be heavier and hence are seen as more attractive.

单选题 A. With B. In
C. By D. Through
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查介词辨析。空处所在句意为“以这种标准,美国大约1/3的成年人都是胖子”,by this criterion为常用搭配,意为“用这种标准”。
[深度点拨] 其他三个介词with,in,through均与criterion不搭配。
单选题 A. rates B. ratios
C. proportions D. percentages
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查近义词辨析。空处所在句意为“肥胖的发生率随着…的不同而不同”。rate“率”,说明某现象发生的频率或强度。
[深度点拨] ratio“两个相关指标之比”,酏明两指标间的比例关系;proportion“构成比”,用来说明各构成部分在总体中所占的比重或分布、比例:percentage“百分比”。
单选题 A. conversely B. inversely
C. diversely D. universally
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查形近词辨义。空格所处句意为“在工业化国家,肥胖与人们的社会经济地位成反比”,下文对此做了进一步解释。inversely侧重次序上的相反。
[深度点拨] conversely侧重于言论、观点上的相反;diversely“多种多样地,相异地”;universally“普遍地,处处”。
单选题 A. state B. situation
C. status D. condition
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查近义词辨析。此句意为“人类进化的发展状态”,state意为“状况,状态”。
[深度点拨] situation“情况,形势”;condition作“状况”解释时与state相近,但含有“与周围环境有关”之意;status则主要指“地位,身份”。
单选题 A. who B. whom
C. whose D. that
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查结构衔接。空处所要填的关系代词在分句中作定语,所以用whose。
[深度点拨] who,whom和that三个选项均不能在定语从句的分句中作定语。
单选题 A. pretend B. intend
C. expand D. extend
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。从原文看,此处表时间上的延长,extend可以表示时间和空间的“延长”,也可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”,符合句意。
[深度点拨] pretend“假装”,intend“意图”,expand“扩充”均与原文不符。
单选题 A. reserves B. preserves
C. conservationsD. reservations
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查形近词辨析。空处意为“用体内储存的能量”,故选reserve,强调“储存量”,由后面的external reserves也能推断出来。
[深度点拨] preserve作名词时意为”禁猎区,防护物”;conservation“保存,保持”;reservation“保留”。
单选题 A. subjective B. objective
C. natural D. unnatural
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。此句意为“肥胖看上去似乎是个客观现象,但某种程度上与文化相连”,从原句的语气上反推可知应选objective,意为“客观的”。
[深度点拨] 下文主要讲到了不同文化中不同人对肥胖的态度.因此其与主观因素有联系,文中并未提及肥胖是否“自然”的问题。
单选题 A. naturally B. geographically
C. culturally D. ethnically
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。该段对黑种大学生和白种大学生对待肥胖的问题进行了调查,下一段提到北美文化以“瘦”为美已经达到疯狂的程度.以及其他一些不同于西方的文化等等。综合判断此处应选culturally,即“肥胖看上去似乎是个客观现象,但在某种程度上与文化相关”。
[深度点拨] naturally“自然地”;geographically“地理地”;ethnically“种族地”。
单选题 A. similar B. complementary
C. complimentaryD. familiar
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。原文指出,黑人白人对肥胖态度不同,是互补的结果,complementary主要指“互补的”。
[深度点拨] 从下文看,对黑人白人的研究得出的结论是不同的,因此可以排除similar和familiar。complementary和complimentary形近但意思却完全不同,complimentary意为“赞美的”。
单选题 A. unattractive B. uncomfortable
C. awkward D. unsatisfied
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。原文的意思是“尽管黑人,特别是黑人妇女比白人重,但她们对自己的体重比较满意,很少会觉得他人的体重______”。从该句的语气来看,黑人应该对他人的体重不太挑剔,很少觉得他人的胖身材不美丽。unattractive“不漂亮的”。
[深度点拨] uncomfortable“不舒适的,不安的”;awkward“笨拙的,不灵巧的”;unsatisfied“对…不满意的”。
单选题 A. to B. about
C. for D. in
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查固定搭配。原文意思是“男人比女人更关注其约会对象的体重”。be concerned about是固定搭配,意为“关注,关心”。
[深度点拨] be concerned for“担心,使不安”;to,in均不能与be concerned搭配。
单选题 A. much B. more
C. less D. little
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。从上下文来看,白人男子比黑人男子更关注约会对象的体重,反之,黑人男子不太会因为所约会女人的体重而拒绝她。故选less。
[深度点拨] much,little均是原形;more“多,较多”与原文意思相反。
单选题 A. preoccupied B. occupied
C. concentrated D. focused
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。be preoccupied与with搭配表示“全神贯注,迷住”,这里指“北美文化以‘瘦’为美已达到疯狂的程度”。
[深度点拨] concentrate与focus可以与on搭配但不能与with搭配;occupy与with搭配表示“忙于”。
单选题 A. scripted B. drawn
C. painted D. portrayed
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查近义词辨析。文中指媒体描绘的女性美,既有绘画描述,又有语言描绘,故选portray,意为“描写,描绘”。
[深度点拨] script“把…改编为剧本”不符合句意;draw和paint主要用于绘画方面。
单选题 A. consideratelyB. totally
C. little D. considerably
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查语义衔接。此句意为“从20世纪50年代这种标准已经发生了相当大的变化”。considerably“相当大地”,符合句意。
[深度点拨] 下文举例提到了不同时期审美标准的“巨大变化”,因此可以排除little;但文中没有提到“审美标准完全发生变化”,因此可以排除totally;considerately与considerably形近,但表示“体贴地”。
单选题 A. equaled B. attached
C. paralleled D. sticked
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查固定搭配。此句意为“伴随着大量有关节食文章的增多”,be paralleled by表示“随之,伴随”。
[深度点拨] 其他三个选项通常都与to搭配,而非by。equal to“等同于”;attach to“附属于”;stick to“坚持”。
单选题 A. comparison B. contrast
C. compliance D. contrary
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查固定搭配,空处意为“与当代西方社会相比”,in contrast to“与…相对比”。
[深度点拨] comparison一般与between或with搭配;compliance“顺从,服从”,一般与with搭配,既不符句意也不能与to搭配;contrary“相反”,通常的搭配为on the contrary。
单选题 A. link B. consort
C. assort D. associate
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查固定搭配。associate sth. with sth. 意为“把…与…相联系”。
[深度点拨] link“连接,联系”,可与with搭配,但通常指具体实物的连接;consort与with搭配,表示“陪伴,一致,符合”;assort与consort形似,意为“把…分类”。
单选题 A. where B. which
C. when D. that
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查结构衔接。这里先行词societies后面有两个定语从句,先行词为地点,关系词用where。
[深度点拨] 此处如用which,前面需加介词in;when与that不符合语法规则。