问答题 Identify errors of logic or reasoning, if any, in the following arguments. Briefly explain the cause of error.
问答题 Luck is in contradiction to God"s sovereign plan, because Albert Einstein stated that, "God does not play dice."
【正确答案】正确答案：The reasoning is problematic. The major premise, say, Albert Einstein"s words, cannot lead to the conclusion, for the fact that Einstein has the authority in physics does not mean that his causal remarks are 100 percent right.
【答案解析】解析：爱因斯坦虽然是物理学上的权威，但这并不代表他的随意之言也具有权威性。
问答题 Voucher programs will not harm schools, since no one has ever proven that vouchers have harmed schools.
【正确答案】正确答案：In this statement, the logic error lies in a hasty conclusion. There has been no evidence so far to support the idea that vouchers have harmed schools, but there may exist evidence in the future to prove the vouchers" bad influence on schools.
【答案解析】解析：虽然代金券至今并没有对学校造成危害，但未来是否依然无害就不得而知了，因此因果关系不成立。
问答题 Mr. Wang is a great teacher because he is so wonderful at teaching.
【正确答案】正确答案：Wonderful Teaching is but one of the qualities a great teacher should require. Therefore, the antecedent lacks sufficient evidence to prove that Mr. Wang is a great teacher.
【答案解析】解析：教学水平只是评价教师好坏的一个标准，所以前件不能推导出后件。
问答题 If you allow a camel to poke his nose into the tent, soon the whole camel will follow.
【正确答案】正确答案：In the fable The Arab and the Camel, the whole camel finally get its whole body into the tent, but it is only a coined story. So in reality, the story doesn"t necessarily become true. The whole statement is a rule of thumb.
【答案解析】解析：本题考查的是经验法则(以旧的经验来解释新的事物)从而导致了认识上的错误。
问答题 Statistic show that Hawaiians live longer than other Americans. If you want to live longer you should move to Hawaii.
【正确答案】正确答案：In this statement, the major premise is unable to create a sufficient condition for the conclusion. The word "Hawaiian" is not well-defined and can be interpreted in several ways. It includes the sense of "a person who is native to Hawaii" in the previous statement and the sense of "a person who lives to Hawaii" in the conclusion. Since these two meaning are not unified, the conclusion becomes a fallacy.
【答案解析】解析：夏威夷人(Hawaiian)有两种不同解释。后句偷换前句的概念，从而导致了逻辑错误。