单选题

Passage Four

The questioning of the role of the publie gallery is not a new phenomenon. It is something that has been argued over since its very conception, and the debate is ongoing.
"Museum' and 'gallery' are interchangeable words to describe any building used to exhibit objects of historic or artistic interest. Museums, in this sense, are a relatively recent phenomenon, going back no more than a couple of hundred years, to the latter part of the eighteenth century. During this period until the mid twentieth century, they were designed to resemble older ceremonial monuments such as palaces and temples which signified their associations with secular, and not religious beliefs. Secular truth meant a rational, verifiable and objective knowledge and thus, Art Museums, not only because of the scientific and humanistic disciplines practiced in them, such as conservation, art history, archaeology etc. , were seen as preservers of the community's official cultural memory. Consequently, it can be argued that museums should be placed at the centre of the modern relations between government and culture. As a powerful social metaphor and as an instrument of historical representation, museums are crucial measurements of social changes.
The idea of the museum has to, therefore, be 'reborn' and some of its characteristics and challenges are clear. An understanding that communication is the basis on which culture is both maintained and transformed, demands a new approach to museum pedagogy. Schools and Colleges Programmes have become an integral part of museums globally. The Irish Museum of Modern Art which opened in nineteen ninety-one, for example, has a major education initiative inherent in its ethos. It has developed a number of programmes and projects intended to address the needs of specific groups, such as schools and colleges. During the academic year, IMMA invites teachers and tutors from pre-primary, primary, secondary and third-level schools and colleges to bring their class groups to the museum for pre-booked tours, gallery talks or to meet artists participating in the Artist's Residency Programme.
In Britain, local education authorities are developing a range of new initiatives to encourage effective co-operation between schools and museums. Schools can integrate what they have learned from museum resources into many aspects of the curriculum which also contributes to preparing pupils for the opportunities and experiences of adult life. Examples given indicate how work in history and art is enhanced by access to museum resources and the possibilities of learning are improved by first hand experience. Links between museums and schools are the foundation for wider contacts between museums and their communities but these liaisons between museums and the worlds of education must take new forms and use new strategies if we are to capture the interest and imagination of a new generation.

单选题 During the 19th century, museums ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】题干的19th century指向第二段的During this period until the mid twentieth century, they were designed to resemble older ceremonial monuments such as palaces and temples which signified their associations with secular, and not religious beliefs. 选项A中，be similar与句中动词resemble一致。选项B中的“宗教物品”没有出现在句子中，只有上文提及的“文物或艺术品”，信息不对应。选项C的“世俗观念”属于句子的信息，但是此句没有表达“世俗观念”与教堂互相对立的意义。选项D显然源自第一段：争论焦点围绕“艺术馆的功能”，而不是博物馆本身。

单选题 Which of the following aspects is NOT the role played by museums?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】题干的提示语词the role played by museums指向第二段的后三句，信息比较分散。选项A和D都来自该段倒数第三句：Art Museums，not only because of the scientific and humanistic disciplines practiced in them, such as conservation, art history, archaeology etc. ，were seen as preservers of the community's official cultural memory。选项B则出自最后一句museums are crucial measurements of social changes．选项C中的“政府”在文中虽有提及，但是“提醒”不是博物馆发挥的作用，符合题意。

单选题 The author used the example of the Irish Museum to argue that ______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】题干中的提示信息the example of the Irish Museum要求考生先找到例子的位置，再寻找例子支持的论点信息。第三段的“爱尔兰博物馆”前面的论点信息是An understanding that communication is the basis on which culture is both maintained and transformed, demands a new approach to museum pedagogy. Schools and Colleges Programmes have become an integral part of museums globally．选项D提供的“新思维”对应句中的“新方法”。选项A的“争议”与全文开头有关，远离问题。选项B值得重视。它来自于博物馆例子本身，与问题的要求相悖。选项C和B的设计思路相同。

单选题 The last paragraph suggests that ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】问题指向尾段：考生应注意四个选项和尾段各个句子的对应关系。选项A提到“不同学校”建设博物馆，但是尾段第二句讲述学校结合博物馆开展教学活动，动词部分的表述明显不妥。选项B来自第三句：Examples given indicate how work in history and art is enhanced by access to museum resources and the possibilities of learning are improved by first hand experience．选项C出现在最后一句，但是未来将出现的不是博物馆，而是博物馆与社会的“联系方式”。选项D中的“成年人”是不相关信息，没有体现在段落中。