填空题Text 3 Modern liberal opinion
is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. Indeed,
many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is
much too narrow. It fails to recognize the great dangers we shall face in the
uses of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the
unrestrained exercise of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be
voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as the unintended yet
often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our
humanization goals. Certain desires and perfected medical
technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods
of resuscitation (复活) have made possible heroic efforts to "save" the severely
ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful; they
succeed in rescuing individuals but these individuals may have severe brain
damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating existence. Such
patients found with increasing frequency in the intensive care units of
university hospitals, have been denied a death with dignity. Families are forced
to suffer seeing their loved ones so reduced and are made to bear the burden of
a prolonged "death watch". Even the ordinary methods of
treating disease and prolonging life have changed the context in which men die.
Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the
company of family and friends. At that time of life when there is perhaps the
greatest need for human warmth and comfort, the dying patient is kept company by
cardiac (心脏的) pacemakers and defibrillators, respirators, aspirators,
oxygenators, catheters (导尿管) and his intravenous (静脉的) drip. Ties to the
community of men are replaced by attachments to an assemblage of machines.
This loneliness, however, is not confined to the dying patient
in the hospital bed. Consider the increasing number of old people still alive
thanks to medical progress; as a group, the elderly are the most alienated
members of our society, not yet ready for the world of the dead, not deemed fit
for the world of the living, they are shunted aside. More and more of them spend
the extra years medicine has given them in "homes for senior citizens", in
hospitals for chronic diseases, and in nursing homes--waiting for the end. We
have learned how to increase their years, but we have not learned how to help
them enjoy their days; yet we continue to bravely and sternly push back the
frontiers against death. [A] prevent patients from dying
honourably. [B] the ending life lonely in nursing homes.
[C] originates from an excess of freedom and free exercise of
will. [D] connections to the community of men.
[E] are shunted aside and ignored. [F] by improved
medical methods and equipment. [G] in the familiar
surroundings of family and friends.
填空题
The emergence of biomedical technology ______
填空题
The severely ill and injured can be rescued ______
填空题
A prolonged death in university hospitals tends to ______