单选题 Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes: emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom...these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by {{U}}cajoling{{/U}} or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain experiences.
To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

单选题 What might the previous paragraphs deal with?

A. An example to show the importance of the development of attitudes.
B. The relationship between attitudes and experience.
C. The influence of emotional reactions on people's behavior.
D. Other important areas of learning.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[考点] 篇章推断题 [解析] 向上文作信息推断的题目一般需要从首段首句着手，寻找向上推断的语义线索或依据。首段首句Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes: emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people(在所有的学习领域中，最重要的是态度的培养：除了逻辑思维过程，情感反应也会影响大多数人的行为)，根据本句的最高级表达the most important可推断，上文可能列举了其他重要的学习领域，因此D是正确答案。

单选题 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The case of the rise of Hitler can prove attitudes result from experience.
B. The instance of "The burnt child fears the fire" can illustrate the relationship between attitudes and experience.
C. The experience was indirect and cumulative in the instance of "The burnt child fears the fire".
D. The impact of experience was indirect and cumulative in the case of Hitler for he was influenced largely by some speeches and books.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[考点] 排除性判断题 [解析] 鉴于本判断题的题干缺乏有价值的信号词，考生可将选项一一回文定位，作比对判断。

单选题 First-grade pupils and older children are mentioned in paragraph 6 so as to ______.

A. reveal the necessity of pupils' chatting with the neighborhood officer
B. indicate various ways of developing attitudes for older children
C. manifest the significance of helping children obtain constructive experiences
D. illustrate the urgent need of changing children's undesirable attitudes

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[考点] 例证题 [解析] 根据题干信号词First-grade pupils and older children以及出处提示in Paragraph 6可回文定位到第六段，但鉴于例证题的思路是跳出例子本身，根据其上文或下文(尤其上文)信息找寻解题线索，考生可将上文，即第五段尾句，锁定为本题目的“题眼”：She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences(她可通过帮助孩子们获得有益经历的方式达到理想的效果)。由此可知，第六段举例的目的是例证“帮孩子获取有益经历的重要性”，因此C项正确。

单选题 The most appropriate title for this text could be ______.

A. The Importance of the Development of Attitudes
B. Strategies of Developing Attitudes
C. The Crucial Role of Teachers in Shaping Children's Attitudes
D. How to Help Children Obtain Constructive Experiences

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[考点] 篇章主旨题 [解析] 篇章主旨题的解题思路之一是将各段首句逻辑作比对或相加处理。纵观各段首句，除首段首句(首段是本文的引子)外，其余各段首句都包含复现词teacher或pupils，因此这两个单词是本文的“篇章主旨词”，正确项应予以包含。

单选题 In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______.

A. some other suggestions for the classroom teacher
B. another important area of learning
C. how to help children decide on controversial issues
D. an example to show how children analyze the facts independently and draw their own conclusion on controversial issues

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[考点] 篇章推断题 [解析] 向下文作信息推断的题目一般需要从尾段尾句着手，寻找向下推断的语义线索或依据。尾段尾句：This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts(尤其是在有争议的问题上，应该鼓励孩子们根据对相关事实的客观分析形成自己的看法)，根据本句中的情态动词should可知，本句是作者的观点，一般来讲，在作者的观点后面会有相关的论据对其做扩展解释，而最常见的论据形式即是举例，因此D项“举例证明孩子们就争议性问题如何独立地分析事实并得出自己的结论”，符合尾段尾句的逻辑推理，是正确答案。