单选题
Too Polite for Words

A Japanese colleague the other day was talking about a meeting with a man whom she abruptly described using the English word "jerk". I thought she was toning down her Japanese for my benefit, so I asked her how to say "jerk" in Japanese.
"There's no such word, "she answered helplessly. "We have to use 'jerk'". Heaven knows it's not as if there are no jerks in Japan. But the Japanese language is just not made for sniping at people. At first, I thought maybe my Japanese teachers had been too polite to teach me the real lingo, so I watched to see what Japanese drivers would say to each other after a car accident. It turned out that they say: "I'm sorry. " Gradually I came to realize that there is perhaps no language so ill suited to invective as Japanese. Linguistically, these guys are wimps.
Take the vicious Japanese insult "kisama, "which is deeply offensive. It means: "your honorable self. "That's right. Instead of using all kinds of dirty words, the Japanese insult each other by frowning and growling."Your honorable self. "
Likewise, a nasty expression for a woman is "ama, 'another term not to try with the nice woman at the sushi restaurant. But literally it means "nun". Sure, sarcasm may be intended, hut still most women would probably prefer to be characterized as a nun than as a female dog.
Since people are least inhibited when they are shaking their fists at each other, insults offer a window into a culture. I've been interested in such terms ever since I arrived in Cairo a dozen years ago to study Arabic and discovered that my name was a curse. "Nick" sounds very much like the imperative of an extremely vulgar verb for sex. I would introduce myself in Arabic, and my new acquaintance would flee in horror.
There's no such danger in Japanese. There are explicit terms for sex and for body parts, crude as well as clinical, but they are descriptive rather than insulting.
There is one exception. One of the meanest things one Japanese child can say to another is: "Omaeno kaachan debeso. "That means. "Your mom's belly button sticks out. "This has no deep Freudian meaning; it simply means that your mother is rude and ugly.

单选题 The Japanese woman used the English word "jerk" so as to make it easier for me to understand her.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文章第一段说作者的一位日本女同事在谈论与一位男士的会面时使用了英语“jerk”这个词,作者起初以为她使用这个英语阋是怕自己听不懂,后来发现是因为日语中没有这个侮辱性字眼的对译词。
单选题 The Japanese people cannot fully demonstrate their anger because their language is not suitable for sniping at people.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】文章第三段第二句话说日语不适合用来批评、辱骂人,因为它没有像英语中“jerk”这样骂人的脏话,但是作者并没有提到日本人不能用本族语畅快地表达自己的愤怒,事实上文章下面列举的几个例子表明日语中不乏辱骂人的字眼,只不过有些词的字面意义看上去不像骂人的话。
单选题 From the linguistic perspective, Japanese drivers are cowards.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】第三段最后一句话说从语言学的角度看,日本的司机都是胆小鬼。因为上文说在遇上车祸时,他们彼此说“对不起”,似乎日语中没有侮辱性的字眼可供他们互相谩骂。
单选题 The Japanese insult each other by showing their respect in an ironic way.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第四段讲“kisama”在日语中意为“尊敬的阁下”,但现在常用来羞辱别人,是极为不敬的一个词。虽然最初可能是一种反语,但作者并没明确指出。
单选题 People in other languages may insult a woman with an expression meaning, literally, "a female dog".
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】第五段讲日语中辱骂女人的话“ama”的字面意义是“尼姑”,尽管有讽刺的意义在里面,但是大多数女人宁肯被称为尼姑,也不愿被骂作母狗。从中我们可以推断有些语言中用“母狗”这样的脏话来辱骂女性。
单选题 The word "Nick" in the Arabic language is a curse.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】第六段中作者说自己的名字“Nick”在阿拉伯语中听起来像一个极为肮脏的字眼。也就是说,阿拉伯语本身并没有这个词。
单选题 "Omaeno kaachan debeso" is different from other nasty expressions in Japanese in that it is insulting both in its literal meaning and in its practical use.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】文章最后一段说日语中有一个例外,那就是“omaeno kaachan debeso”。之所以例外是因为和“kisama”、“ama”等词不同,它在字面意义和实际使用当中都是极侮辱人的话。