It is convenient to distinguish between nonverbal and verbalcommunication, just as is to distinguish between decoding and 1encoding processes, but such distinctions can be misled. 2COMMUNICATION is a system, simultaneously engaging in 3encoding and decoding processes. In social settings, we only occasionally speak, but we cannot "not behave." To understand nonverbal communication it is necessary to appreciate the interdependence of the verbal and nonverbal components of simultaneous encoding and decoding processes. An example ofthis interdependence may have seen in the cognitive processes 4directing verbal and nonverbal behavior. Both encoding anddecoding can vary from being automatic to reflective and 5deliberate, but verbal communication is typically more deliberately 6and cognitively demanding than nonverbal communication. Furthermore, if we assume that there are limited cognitive resources available for encoding and decoding verbal andnonverbal components, then altering the cognitive demands on any 7one process can affect other processes and the course of communication. In general, to the extent that nonverbal processes require less 8cognitive resources than verbal processes do, nonverbal communication is more resilient than verbal communication.Moreover, specific interpersonal goals can make the encoding of 9nonverbal behavior(e.g., a difficult impression management task)and the decoding of nonverbal behavior(e.g., looking for evidence of deception)less automatic and more cognitively demanding.Understand the dynamic relationships between encoding and 10decoding aspects of verbal and nonverbal behavior is a critical step in understanding the broader communicative process.