单选题 Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher"s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

单选题 The central idea of the above passage is that ______.

单选题 The word "despot" underlined in Paragraph 2 means a person ______.

单选题 The pupils" attitudes are NOT influenced by ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查是非判断。根据第二段“The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.”可知，C项正确；根据第三段“This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.”可知，A项正确；根据第五段“Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom.”可知，D项正确。所以，答案是A。

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that the pupils ______.

单选题 The example of the pupils" learning about Mexico shows that ______.

单选题 The author implies that ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.”可知，对于一年级的学生，我们只能用一种方法改变其态度，而对于大点的学生，我们可以采用很多方式发展其态度。由此推断，答案是B。