【正确答案】Currently there are two influential approaches to language testing, the psychometric- structuralist approach and the psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach.
The linguistic basis of the psychometric-structuralist approach is mainly structuralist linguistics, and the aim of such tests is to discover the learner's mastery of linguistic knowledge or linguistic competence. The psychometric-structuralist approach claims to be scientific, because it uses statistical analysis to examine the test results as well as the test itself. This approach has been adopted by a great number of teachers in the West.
As the current trend of linguistic theories has changed the view of language learning, applied linguists and language teachers have become increasingly interested in psycholinguistics and socio-linguistics. Psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach, a new approach to language testing, is developed. While recognizing some basic concepts of the former testing theory, those who believe in communicative syllabuses challenge the widely accepted standard of measurement. They propose that the purpose of testing is to check the learner's performance, and test results should be measured by quality instead of quantity.

【答案解析】[解析] 本题着重考查语言测试中的两种不同研究方法：心理测量-结构主义方法和心理语言学-社会语言学方法。