填空题 .The physical fitness movement in America followed the immigration of a large number of German     11    into America who fled their country due to the 1848 revolution. The movement began from Fredrich Ludwig Jahn who     12    exercise and sport with German history and tradition and saw a connection between mental and physical health. Charle Pollen, a Jahn student, who opposed to loose exercise, stressed     13    mental and physical exercise. In the Midwest, the Germans established their first gymnastic institution called the Turnverein in Cincinnati in 1848. Later called the Turners, these groups developed     14    organized outings of picnics, games, gymnastics, and celebrations of German culture.
    Catherine Beeeher promoted     15    fitness for women, and felt that tight clothes not only made such exercise impossible, but actually spoiled the natural form of women's bodies, and could even be passed on to future generations and     16    the race. She was also an advocate of improving     17    and an early opponent of gluttony(暴食), believings ingredients on food stimulated the appetite towards excess. Others advocated vegetarianism(素食主义), or saw lack of sunshine as a cause of stomach discomfort. They have particular     18    regardless, but all of the food reformers had a common philosophy: bad eating habits led to social disorder. Like physical fitness supporters, they saw a connection between reshaping the body and reshaping American society to improve the individual and the country.
    The physical fitness movement declined in the years preceding the Civil War, then     19    , as Americans began to live in cities and worked before desks all day long. Advocates promoted "Muscular Christianity", a movement begun in England, which stressed that the best and most moral Christians were those with     20    bodies. And this really disturbed the traditional ideas about health.
    A. intensified
    B. sound
    C. rapidly
    D. physical
    E. preference
    F. marvelous
    G. degrade
    H. unified
    I. nationally
    J. psychological
    K. nutrition
    L. migrants
    M. revived
    N. sanitation
    O. rigorous
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