单选题
Jan Hendrik Schon"s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—one every 16 days—detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them
suspicious
. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers—which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and
Nature
—the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and
fabricated
data. His career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of presumption and due reward.
In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.
Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular
renown
to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the
acclaims
from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but
Science
and
Nature
come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in
The New York
Times and other publications.
Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they"re more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist"s "hnpact Factor," a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the "Impact Factor" as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they"re considering supporting.
单选题
The word "suspicious" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第一段的内容“This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious”可知，这样的产出量让他的同事震惊，他们产生了怀疑。选项中的A项为“怀疑的，可疑的”符合文意。B项“难以置信的”，C项“惊人的，了不起的”，D项“可怕的，恐怖的”，这三项均不符合题意。
单选题
The achievements of Jan Hendrik Schon turned out to be ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第一段的内容“In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data.2002年10月，一个贝尔实验室的调查显示，斯克恩篡改和捏造数据”可知，D项fraudulent“欺诈的，不正的，不诚实的”符合题意。A项“惊人的；意外的”，B项“不可思议的”，C项“值得赞许的”，这三项和文中内容不符合。
单选题
The word "fabricated" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第一段的内容“a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data”可知，调查发现Schon篡改和编造数据。选项中的A项为“编造，捏造”符合文意。B项“编纂”，C项“起草”，D项“分析”，这三项均不符合题意。
单选题
To find why scientific scandals like Schon"s occur, people have begun to raise doubt about the two top journals for ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第二段的内容“The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.”可知，人们质疑，《自然》和《科学》这两本杂志在作为为什么科学可以向民众传达的仲裁者方面的力量是否太强大了，并且，它们能否胜任看门人的角色。所以A项“他们的学术威望”符合题意。B项“他们对职业成功的重要性”，C项“他们科学界的普遍性”，D项“他们的评审体系”，这三项和文中第二段内容不符合。
单选题
The word "renown" underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第三段的内容“scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals”可知，科学家已经赢得战胜对手的名声。选项中的A项为“声誉，名声”符合文意。B项“目的”，C项“姓名，名称”，D项“成绩，成就”，这三项均不符合题意。
单选题
According to the passage, what makes Science and Nature powerful?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第三段的内容“Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry.”可知，《科学》和《自然》这两家杂志是仅有的涉及所有学科科目的主要期刊。所以A项“他们涵盖了所有科目的最好的研究”符合题意。B项“他们出版其他杂志不出版的有争议性的论文”，C项“他们选择高度专业性的研究论文”，D项“同行评审中他们有一个特殊的系统”，这三项在文中都没有提到。
单选题
The expression "the cream of the crop" in Paragraph 3 most likely means "______".
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第三段的内容“As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers.”可知，cream of the crop的字面意思为“植物奶油”，暗指最好的东西，因为自然和科学两本杂志的地位，所以记者每个星期都会从中挑选最好的科学论文。所以B项符合题意。A项“其中大部分的”，C项“最近发表的”，D项“广泛传播的”，这三项显然和文中cream of the crop要表达的意思不符。
单选题
The word "acclaims" underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第三段的内容“Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative”可知，专业期刊的出版物将赢得学术称赞。选项中的A项为“赞美”符合文意。B项“奖品”，C项“奖金”，D项“分数”，这三项均不符合题意。
单选题
Scientists know that by reaching the journalists for Science and Nature they would get a better chance to ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第三段的内容“but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.”可知，如果文章出现在《科学》和《自然》这两本杂志上，那么文章就有出现在《纽约时报》和其他出版物上的机会。所以B项“他们的名字会出现在其他著名的出版物上”符合题意。A项“将来他们有更多的论文发表在杂志上”，文中强调是论文能出现在其他出版物上，而不是将来可以有更多的论文继续发表在这两本杂志上；C项“让他们的研究结果得到公众的了解”，D项“让他们的上级为他们的出版物给予金钱回报”，C、D两项在文中没有提到。
单选题
Compared with other journals, Nature and Science would give the authors an extra benefit that their papers ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文中第四段的内容“When more scientists know about a particular paper, they"re more apt to cite it in their own papers.”可知，因为《科学》和《自然》这两本杂志非常具有权威性，当更多的科学家知道某一篇论文时，他们会将其内容引用在自己的文章中。所以A项“将更有可能变得更有影响和被引用”符合题意。B项“将更有可能远离同辈人的挑战”，C项“将被仔细地审查以确保权威性”，D项“将重新出现在像《纽约时报》这样的原始论文中”，文中没有涉及和这三项相关的内容。