【正确答案】我打算谈一谈技术的发展趋势。我认为当前最重要的一个发展趋势是让事物变得越来越聪明，我管它叫做人工智能，或者叫AI。如果我们使用AI，就有了机器人。机器人可以完成许多我们今天亲力亲为的任务，重新定义我们的工作，创造各种过去不为我们所知的全新任务。我认为在未来二十年中这将是社会中最具影响力的一个发展趋势。 其实，我们现在已经在使用人工智能。它们通常都隐身在后台工作，在医院里，A1分析X光片的水准比人类医生还要棒。在律所里，AI核查证物的本事比人类律师还要强。我们乘坐的飞机是由AI驾驶的。在飞行时，飞行员人工操控就七八分钟，其余的时间都是AI在操控。还有，亚马逊和阿里巴巴，都是AI在后台进行智能支持，提出明智的建议。这些都是我们已经实现了的。还有一个我们能看到的例子，就是“阿尔法狗”战胜了人类围棋世界冠军。但还不止于此。我们打电玩时，对手往往是AI。不过最近，谷歌教会了他们的AI自己学习如何打电子游戏。就是说，教AI打游戏已经不是什么新鲜事了，但要AI自己学习打游戏则是另一个境界。这就是人工智慧。 在这个大趋势中，我认为有两点尚未被充分认识。第一点，我们人类的智力并未充分弄明白什么是智能。我们通常把智能看成是单维度的，用智商来衡量它：老鼠的智商较低，猴子的智商高一些，再高的是像我一样的普通人，最高的是天才。但这种看法是完全错误的。这根本就不是智能，人类智能更像由不同乐器组成的交响乐演奏，每个音符由不同的乐器来奏响。 第二点，我们将用AI推动第二次工业革命。在第一次工业革命中，人类发明了我称之为“人造动力”的东西。在此之前，在农业革命时期，制造业靠人力驱动，或者靠畜力。除此之外别无他法。工业革命时期的伟大发明就是人们利用化石燃料和蒸汽所产生的“人造动力”来做我们想做的任何事情。因此今天，当我们开车行驶在高速路上，很容易使用250匹马的力量——或者说，250马力。我们可以用“人造动力”建造高楼大厦，让工厂源源不断地批量生产产品，远远超出了人力所为。 这种“人造动力”还可以通过电网和电线输送到每个家庭、工厂和农庄，任何人都可以购买这种“人造动力”。现在我们要用AI做同样的事情。在任何东西上加载AI，它们就变得更加聪明。类似的改造叠加上百万次，就会产生第二次工业革命。那么将来汽车行驶在高速路上，它不仅有250马力，还是一辆自动驾驶汽车。AI将会在云端传输，就像电在电网传输一样。

【答案解析】原文： Ladies and Gentlemen, Today, more than 95 percent of Asians live in middle-income countries, compared to less than 10 percent 20 years ago. This remarkable shift was mainly driven by rapid economic growth in China, India, and Indonesia and other Asian countries. The challenge you face now is: Can Asia, which is largely a middle-income region, make a successful transition to high-income status? The experience of other developing countries in the last 50 years suggests this will not be easy. Brazil and Colombia have remained middle-income countries for decades without being able to move up further. Yet the transition of Singapore from a middle to a high-income country in only 25 years shows that it can be done. Investing in infrastructure remains critical as countries transition from middle to high income. But countries attempting this transition must make greater efforts to boost productivity growth; they should make more efficient use of inputs rather than simply increasing inputs. Over the past five decades, productivity growth has accounted for almost 30 percent of economic growth for those countries that transitioned to high income status. To boost productivity, Asia’s middle-income countries should focus on increasing innovation, developing high-quality infrastructure, and enhancing human capital. Innovation has become more important as an economy advances. Innovation creates more products and increases their value, which leads to higher productivity and better wages. Enhanced human capital, which means building a more skilled and knowledgeable workforce, is fundamental for an advanced economy. High quality human capital spurs growth and promotes equity. A recent study shows that a 20 percent increase in human capital spending can boost productivity by 3 percent and narrow the income gap by 4 percent. Middle-income countries have an average of just 6 years of schooling. They therefore need to close the education gaps with high-income countries, which average more than 10 years at school. But even more important is the quality of education. In math and science tests, 15-year-old students in advanced countries outperform those of middle-income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading, writing and solving problems are more likely to become innovators. There is a direct linkage between increase in funding for education and growth in GDP. Different countries prioritize different types of infrastructure. Low-income countries focus first on meeting such basic needs as water supply, public health and transport. As their economies grow, they attach more importance to electricity supply and information technology. Information technologies promote innovation by creating and spreading knowledge. Middle-income countries with more internet users do better than other middle-income countries in terms of innovation. By increasing investment in information technologies, countries can boost innovation and productivity, thereby lifting incomes. To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, the Asian countries should also promote intellectual property protection and rule of law, better access to financing, and effective policies to encourage competition. Asia also needs to invest a total of $26 trillion from 2016 to 2030 in infrastructure so that it can ease the impact of climate change. To meet the needs, Asian countries should increase public funding through tax reform, change spending structure and borrow prudently. But funding shortages will remain. To address this issue, Asian countries should attract private foreign investment by improving their investment climate. They should forge partnership with private investors and offer higher returns to them. Let me conclude with this remark: Asia has already come so far so quickly. Joining high-income countries through sustained growth can be done. It’s the next natural step.