单选题 Read the following text. Answer the questions below the text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U.S.. As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.
Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Bois's career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city's black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois's Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.
Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 to 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP's position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following theme: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.
As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth," according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.

单选题 Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Bois's political stand was ______.

A. less popular
B. more radical
C. less aggressive
D. more conservative

单选题 According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. an editor
B. an educator
C. a scholar
D. an official

单选题 It is Du Bois's belief that ______.

A. the blacks have a priority in terms of education
B. higher education should be free for all races
C. everyone has an equal right to education
D. development in education should be gradual

单选题 Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing the social order.
B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.
C. Washington would not support determined activist leadership.
D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 从文章第四段第二句话... Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order...可知，华盛顿不赞同推翻社会秩序，overthrow与upset为近义词，意为“推翻”，故选A。文中没有提到华盛顿的妥协主义主张是否导致种族分离，故B不正确；根据第一段最后一句话Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided，可知华盛顿并不是不支持“彻底而激进的领导方式”，而是对于这一方式的主张没有杜·波依斯强烈罢了，故C不正确；费城在宾夕法尼亚州，也就是美国的东北部，因此说《费城黑人：一项社会研究》是一本研究美国南部黑人的书也不准确，故D不正确。

单选题 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.

A. many blacks are prepared for leadership
B. Du Bois was in favor of "elite education" for blacks
C. Washington and Du Bois had never been friends
D. only the top 10 percent are worth educating

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 从文章第四段最后一句话... and he developed a concept referred to as the talented tenth, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership可知，杜·波依斯提出的“10%精英”概念指的是10%的黑人应接受传统的大学教育，从而为成为领导者作准备，故选B。文章中并没有提到许多黑人已经准备好成为领导人，也没有提到华盛顿和杜·波依斯是否是朋友，故A、C不正确；D项“仅有10%的人值得受教育”与杜·波依斯提出的人人享有平等的教育机会的观点相悖，故D不正确。