单选题
Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the "Tuskegee machine" of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were the southern black agriculture, Du Bois's career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro : A Social Study, in which he examined that city's black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois's Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America. Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth shouId have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1)public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race. As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accornmodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the "talented tenth", according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.
单选题
Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Bois's political stand was ______. A. less popular B. more radical C. less aggressive D. more conservative
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】分析推理题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是美国社会学和教育学先驱Du Bois这个人物的政治观点和对美国教育体制提出的挑战。短文第一段将其与美国黑人教育主要发言人Booker T. Washington的观点进行了对比，其中最后一句指出：Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided(Du Bois呼吁一种比Washington所提出的更加坚定、更加积极的领导方式)。而在最后一段第二句又进一步说明了二者之间的区别：The major difference…whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change(二者的主要区别在于 Washington寻求本质上逐步发展、并不扰乱社会秩序的变革，而Du Bois则要求快速变革)。determined、activist、immediate等词综合起来就是radical(激进的)的意思，故选[B]。
单选题
According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. an editor B. an educator C. a scholar D. an official
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】细节题。本题属于细节比对题。短文第一句即指出Du Bois是社会学和教育学先驱，因此他定是一位educator(教育家)；而第三段第三句指出他主编过《危机》期刊．因此他肯定当过editor(编辑)；第二段第三句又指出他做过学术研究者(as a scholarly researcher)，因此他是一位学者(scholar)。全文并未提及Du Bois是否在政府机构任过职，因此(official(官员)这一职位语出无据，故选[D]。
单选题
It is Du Bois's belief that______. A. the blacks have a priority in terms of education B. higher education should be free for all races C. everyone has an equal right to education D. development in education should be gradual
单选题
Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order. B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology. C. Washington would not support determined activist leadership. D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】细节题。本题也属于细节比对题。由最后一段第二句中Washington sought change that…．did not upset the social order(Washington寻求本质上属于逐步发展、并不扰乱社会秩序的变革)一处即可推知[A]项是正确的。其余三项中，[B]与最后一段第一句的意思不符，[C]项属于根据第一段最后一句设计而成的干扰项，它与原文的区别显而易见，[D]项与第二段倒数第二句的意思不符。
单选题
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______. A. many blacks are prepared for leadership B. Du Bois was in favor of "elite education" for blacks C. Washington and Du Bois had never been friends D. only the top 10 percent are worth educating
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】分析推理题。推断的依据是短文最后一句话，该句指出：…he developed a concept…in preparation for leadership(他提出了一种称作“十分之一有才者”的概念，据此概念，10%的黑人将为成为未来的领导者而接受传统的大学教育)。其中的talented tenth、10 percent都表明这是一种elite education(精英教育)观念，冈此本题选[B]。其余三项中，[A]项的many、[C]项的had never been friends和[D]项的only、are worth educating都与原文不符或无法由原文合理推知。