When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.
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