Passage Two
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe at any rate for short periods—that running jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
As soon as strong feelings of rivalry are aroused, the notion of playing the game according to the rules always vanishes. People want to see one side on top and the other side humiliated, and they forget that victory gained through cheating or through the intervention of the crowd is meaningless. Even when the spectators don’t intervene physically they try to influence the game by cheering their own side and ‘rattling’ opposing players with boos and insults. Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence: in other words it is war minus the shooting.
If you wanted to add to the vast fund of ill-will existing in the world at this moment, you could hardly do it better than by a series of football matches between Jews and Arabs, Germans and Czechs, Indians and British, Russians and Poles, and Italians and Yugoslav, each match to be watched by a mixed audience of 100,000 spectators. I do not, of course, suggest that sport is one of the main causes of international rivalry; big-scale sport is itself, I think, merely another effect of the causes that have produced nationalism. Still, you do make things worse by sending forth a team of eleven men, labeled as national champions, to do battle against some rival team, and allowing it to be felt on all sides that whichever nation is defeated will “lose face”. I hope, therefore, that we shan’t follow up the visit of the Dynamos by sending a British team to the USSR. lf we must do so, then let us send a second-rate team which is sure to be beaten and cannot be claimed to represent Britain as a whole. There are quite enough real causes of trouble already, and we need not add to them by encouraging young men to kick each other on the shins amid the roars of infuriated spectators.
【参考译文】
每当听到人们说体育运动能增进国家间的友谊,还说要是世界各国普通民众能在足球或板球场上相遇,他们就不会想在战场上兵戎相见,我总是感到不可思议。即便没有具体事例证明国际体育赛事会引发仇恨的狂欢,单从常理推断也能得出这一结论。
当今几乎所有体育运动都充满竞争性。参赛就是为了取胜,若不全力以赴,比赛便毫无意义。在乡村绿地上,临时组队比赛不涉及地方荣誉感时,或许还能单纯为了娱乐和锻炼而竞技;可一旦关乎声誉,一旦你觉得输了会让自己乃至更大的集体蒙羞,最原始的争斗本能就会被激发。但凡参加过校级足球赛的人都明白这一点。在国际层面,体育简直就是模拟战争。但关键不在于运动员的行为,而在于观众的态度——以及观众背后那些为这些荒唐比赛陷入狂热的国民,他们真心相信(至少在短时间内)跑跳踢球是对国家美德的考验。
强烈的对抗情绪一旦被激起,遵守规则的体育精神立刻荡然无存。人们只想看到一方碾压另一方,全然忘记通过作弊或观众干扰取得的胜利毫无意义。即便观众没有肢体干预,他们也会通过喝彩助威、用嘘声羞辱对手来影响比赛。严肃的体育竞技与公平竞赛毫不相干,它总是与仇恨、嫉妒、吹嘘、漠视规则以及对暴力的病态快感紧密相连——简而言之,这是不流血的战争。
若想给当今世界本已泛滥的敌意再添一把火,最好的办法莫过于安排一系列足球赛:犹太人vs阿拉伯人、德国人vs捷克人、印度人vs英国人、俄罗斯人vs波兰人、意大利人vs南斯拉夫人,每场赛事再配上十万名混杂着对立阵营观众的看台。当然,我并非说体育是国际争端的主因;在我看来,大型体育赛事本身就是催生民族主义的那些因素的另一种表现。但当你派出一支被冠以“国家冠军”之名的十一人队伍去征战,让所有人都觉得战败国将“丢尽颜面”时,事态确实会恶化。因此,我希望我们在接待完迪纳摩队后,别再派英国队回访苏联。若非要这么做,不妨派支必败的二流队伍,这样至少没人会说他们代表整个英国。世上真实的矛盾已经够多了,实在不必再让年轻人在愤怒观众的咆哮中互相踢胫骨来火上浇油。
(1)I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.每当听到人们说体育运动能增进国家间的友谊,还说要是世界各国普通民众能在足球或板球场上相遇,他们就不会想在战场上兵戎相见,我总是感到不可思议。
[分析]“goodwill between the nations”译为“增进国家间的友谊”准确传达原文政治外交语境;“meet on the battlefield”译为“兵戎相见”使用四字成语增强文学性;长句拆分技巧将原文复合从句转换为中文流水句,通过“还说”自然衔接;“always amazed”译为“总是感到不可思议”保留作者主观态度。
(2)Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.即便没有具体事例证明国际体育赛事会引发仇恨的狂欢,单从常理推断也能得出这一结论。
[分析]“orgies of hatred”译为“仇恨的狂欢”保留原文强烈比喻色彩;“deduce it from general principles”译为“从常理推断”符合中文认知表达;增译“单”字强化逻辑关系;被动语态“one could deduce”主动化为“能得出”。
(3)Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.当今几乎所有体育运动都充满竞争性。参赛就是为了取胜,若不全力以赴,比赛便毫无意义。
[分析]“competitive”译为“充满竞争性”通过增补程度副词强化语义;“play to win”压缩为“参赛就是为了取胜”突出目的性;虚拟条件句“unless you do...”转化为“若不...便...”典型中文假设句式。
(4)On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.在乡村绿地上,临时组队比赛不涉及地方荣誉感时,或许还能单纯为了娱乐和锻炼而竞技;可一旦关乎声誉,一旦你觉得输了会让自己乃至更大的集体蒙羞,最原始的争斗本能就会被激发。
[分析]“village green”文化意象保留为“乡村绿地”;“no feeling of local patriotism”译为“不涉及地方荣誉感”精准把握程度;三个“as soon as”分别处理为“可一旦”“一旦”形成排比;“savage combative instincts”译为“最原始的争斗本能”。
(5)Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare.但凡参加过校级足球赛的人都明白这一点。在国际层面,体育简直就是模拟战争。
[分析]“Anyone who has played...”译为“但凡...都...”使用文言句式增强说服力;“frankly mimic warfare”译为“简直就是模拟战争”通过“简直”强化讽刺语气;将原文两个独立短句合并为因果逻辑。
(6)But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe at any rate for short periods—that running jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.但关键不在于运动员的行为,而在于观众的态度——以及观众背后那些为这些荒唐比赛陷入狂热的国民,他们真心相信(至少在短时间内)跑跳踢球是对国家美德的考验。
[分析]破折号用法完全复刻原文结构;“absurd contests”译为“荒唐比赛”选用贬义词传递作者立场;插入语“at any rate for short periods”灵活处理为括号补充;“tests of national virtue”译为“国家美德的考验”保留抽象概念比喻。
(7)As soon as strong feelings of rivalry are aroused, the notion of playing the game according to the rules always vanishes.强烈的对抗情绪一旦被激起,遵守规则的体育精神立刻荡然无存。
[分析]“notion of playing the game according to the rules”译为“体育精神”进行概念提炼;“vanishes”译为“荡然无存”使用成语增强表现力;将原文条件状语从句改写为“一旦...立刻...”紧凑句式。
(8)People want to see one side on top and the other side humiliated, and they forget that victory gained through cheating or through the intervention of the crowd is meaningless.人们只想看到一方碾压另一方,全然忘记通过作弊或观众干扰取得的胜利毫无意义。
[分析]“on top”与“humiliated”译为“碾压”和“羞辱”形成强弱对比;增译“全然”强化转折关系;“intervention of the crowd”译为“观众干扰”准确区分物理干预与精神影响。
(9)Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence: in other words it is war minus the shooting.严肃的体育竞技与公平竞赛毫不相干,它总是与仇恨、嫉妒、吹嘘、漠视规则以及对暴力的病态快感紧密相连——简而言之,这是不流血的战争。
[分析]“has nothing to do with”译为“毫不相干”加强否定语气;五个负面名词并列翻译时调整语序符合中文节奏;破折号后“war minus the shooting”创造性译为“不流血的战争”成为点睛之笔。
(10)If you wanted to add to the vast fund of ill-will existing in the world at this moment, you could hardly do it better than by a series of football matches between Jews and Arabs, Germans and Czechs, Indians and British, Russians and Poles, and Italians and Yugoslav, each match to be watched by a mixed audience of 100,000 spectators.若想给当今世界本已泛滥的敌意再添一把火,最好的办法莫过于安排一系列足球赛:犹太人vs阿拉伯人、德国人vs捷克人、印度人vs英国人、俄罗斯人vs波兰人、意大利人vs南斯拉夫人,每场赛事再配上十万名混杂着对立阵营观众的看台。
[分析]“ill-will”译为“敌意”准确区别于“恶意”;“mixed audience”译为“混杂着对立阵营观众的看台”通过增译明确指涉关系;保留所有国家名称的“vs”结构形成视觉冲击;将原文假设条件句改写为“若想...最好的办法莫过于...”建议性句式。
(11)I do not, of course, suggest that sport is one of the main causes of international rivalry; big-scale sport is itself, I think, merely another effect of the causes that have produced nationalism.当然,我并非说体育是国际争端的主因;在我看来,大型体育赛事本身就是催生民族主义的那些因素的另一种表现。
[分析]“do not suggest”弱化为“并非说”保留作者克制态度;插入语“of course”译为“当然”维持议论口吻;“effect of the causes”译为“因素的另一种表现”通过词性转换化解抽象表述。
(12)Still, you do make things worse by sending forth a team of eleven men, labeled as national champions, to do battle against some rival team, and allowing it to be felt on all sides that whichever nation is defeated will “lose face”.但当你派出一支被冠以“国家冠军”之名的十一人队伍去征战,让所有人都觉得战败国将“丢尽颜面”时,事态确实会恶化。
[分析]“labeled as”译为“被冠以...之名”添加中文特有表达;“lose face”直接保留英文借词体现文化交融;将原文现在时态转换为“当...时”时间状语结构。
(13)I hope, therefore, that we shan’t follow up the visit of the Dynamos by sending a British team to the USSR. lf we must do so, then let us send a second-rate team which is sure to be beaten and cannot be claimed to represent Britain as a whole.因此,我希望我们在接待完迪纳摩队后,别再派英国队回访苏联。若非要这么做,不妨派支必败的二流队伍,这样至少没人会说他们代表整个英国。
[分析]“follow up”译为“回访”准确对应外交场景;“second-rate team”译为“二流队伍”使用中文体育术语;增译“这样至少”建立逻辑衔接;保留“Dynamos”音译“迪纳摩队”体现时代背景。
(14)There are quite enough real causes of trouble already, and we need not add to them by encouraging young men to kick each other on the shins amid the roars of infuriated spectators.世上真实的矛盾已经够多了,实在不必再让年轻人在愤怒观众的咆哮中互相踢胫骨来火上浇油。
[分析]“kick each other on the shins”译为“互相踢胫骨”保留身体暴力细节;“amid the roars”译为“在...咆哮中”增强场景感;“add to them”译为“火上浇油”使用成语完美收尾全文。