单选题 The technology industry is at war over intellectual property. On May 7th the first 1 of a three-part fight between Oracle and Google over patent and copyright claims relating to the Java programming language ended in a decision that denied outright victory to either firm. Apple, Samsung and others are 2 over smartphone patents. Facebook and Yahoo! are at 3 over internet patents. Accusations abound 4 innovation is taking a 5 seat to lawsuits. Only the lawyers are smiling.
All of 6 makes this a good time to 7 a new approach to trading intellectual property, says Gerard Pannekoek, the boss of IPXI, a new financial 8 that lets companies buy, sell and hold patent rights, just like any other 9 . The idea is to offer a patent or group of patents as "unit licence rights" (ULRs), which can be bought and sold like 10 . A ULR 11 a one-time right to use a particular technology in 12 product: a new type of airbag sensor in a car, 13 . If a company wants to use the technology in 100,000 cars, it buys 100,000 ULRs at the market price. ULRs are also expected to be traded on secondary markets.
This is simpler, faster and cheaper than the lawyer-intensive process of negotiating bilateral licences for intellectual property, the high cost of which discriminates 14 small companies, leaves patents unused on the shelf and 15 innovation. IPXI"s approach does not 16 for all types of intellectual property—it does not 17 exclusive licensing, for example—but should make it 18 for companies to make money from their inventions. "It"s a good form of funding for start-ups," suggests Mr. Pannekoek.
The exchange has 19 30 members including Philips, an electronics giant, and several universities and research laboratories. On May 4th IPXI published the rulebook that 20 how the exchange will work, and it expects to open for business later this year. Its novel approach is ideal for the open, non-exclusive licensing of smartphone-related patents, says Ruud Peters, chief intellectual-property officer at Philips.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。本处the first ______ of a three-part fight,结合常识应判断出此处意为“多回合较量的首个回合”。round用作名词可以表示“(会议的)一回合”,故B项为正确答案。circle“圆,圆形,圆圈”;turn表示“(依次轮到的)机会”,如It"s your turn. “轮到你了”;order“顺序,命令,订单”,均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。此处需要填入一个动词并与over搭配。本段开头提到The technology industry is at war over intellectual property,下文举例对此进行说明,并出现了a three-part fight...over patent and copyright claims。结合上下文可知,______ over smartphone patents也是例子之一,根据上文线索就可以确定此处为fight over,fight about/over sth. “争辩”,选C项。其他三项都不与over连用。battle for sth. “为……斗争”,compete for sth. “竞争”,strive for意为“努力,奋斗”,均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词搭配。此处需要填入一个名词与at搭配,且根据上下文提示,应该表示“争辩,交战”的意思。at loggerheads为固定搭配,表示“冲突,不和,对立”,符合文意,因此A项正确。loggerheads是个生僻词,但并不影响答题。此题实际是考查对常用词组的掌握。因为其他三项都不与at搭配,通常与in搭配。in disagreement“有分歧,不一致”,in dispute“在争议中,正在争论”,in controversy“有争议,在争议中”。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查同位语从句。这个句子其实是一个同位语从句,主干为Accusations abound,其后的innovation is taking a ______ seat to lawsuits说明Accusations的具体内容,因此用that来引导从句,D项正确。句子并不长,此题难度在于对谓语abound的理解。abound为不及物动词,意为“大量存在(to exist in great numbers or quantities)”,Accusations abound在文中指“(对侵犯专利权的)控告有很多”。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查形容词辨析。本段第一句为总述,接下来都是举例对此进行说明,可见此段是围绕知识产权纷争展开的。结合最后一句Only the lawyers are smiling(唯独律师喜笑颜开),可以判定是产权问题引起了很多官司,也就是“面对诉讼,创新退居次要地位”,take aback seat to意为“位于……之后,处于次要地位”,因此A.back为正确答案。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查定语从句。结合上下文可知,此处意为“(上文提到的)这些纷争为采用新方式进行知识产权交易创造了良机”,因此选D.which。这是一个非限定性定语从句,which指代上文内容。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。结合上下文可知,此处意为“采用新方式进行知识产权交易”,填入的动词需构成“______ a new approach”的搭配。apply一般与to连用表示“应用”,单独使用一般表示“求职,申请”,而此处的to是与approach连用的,即“……的方法/途径”。launch意为“开始从事,发起(to start an activity)”,在文中指“采用新方式”,因此D项为正确答案。put的意思太泛,add“增加”,与文意不符。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。根据上下文可知,此处介绍IPXI是a new financial ______ that lets companies buy, sell and hold patent rights, that...为定语从句,修饰空格处,而且是金融性质的(financial),可知IPXI是一个交易所(exchange),故选B项。最后一段开头出现的exchange也暗示了本题的答案。其他三项institution“机构”,organization“组织”,enterprise“企业”,都不如exchange切合题意。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。此处为...lets companies buy, sell and hold patent rights, just like any other ______,意为“专利权和其他______一样,也可以购买、出售和持有”。property强调指“(个人的)财产,所有物(a thing or things that are owned by sb. )”,asset强调指“(个人或公司所有的)资产(a thing of value that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts)”,estate一般指“房地产,不动产”,capital指“资本”,由此可见C.asset符合题意,为正确答案。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。此处which can be bought and sold like ______作定语修饰前面的“unit licence rights"(ULRs),结合下文的解释并根据常识可知,这些ULR可以像股份一样买卖,因此B.shares正确。goods“货物”,funds“基金”,interests“利益”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。结合上下文可知,此处意为“一个授权专利组合允许在单件产品上一次性使用某个技术”,grant意为“(尤指正式地或法律上)准予,允许”,因此C.grants为正确答案。submit“顺从,服从”,transmit“传输,传送”,deliver“发表,投递”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查形容词辨析。结合上下文可知,此处表达“单个产品”的意思,因此只有A.single“单一的”符合题意。peculiar“奇怪的,特有的”,unique“唯一的,独一无二的”,separate“单独的,分开的”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查固定搭配。上文提到“一个授权专利组合允许在单件产品上一次性使用某个技术”,此处则说“一个新式的安全气囊传感器仅能用于一辆轿车”,很明显是举例对上文的说明,因此A.for example为正确选项。on average“平均,通常”,in principle“原则,上,大体上”,above all“首先”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查介词辨析。根据文意,此处表示“司法协商的高昂费用对小企业不公”,discriminate against意为“歧视(to treat sb. /sth. worse than another in an unfair way )”,因此D.against为正确选项。其他选项与discriminate连用,均无此义项,故排除。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。根据上下文,此处意为“(司法协商的高昂费用)让专利束之高阁,从而______创新”,第一段也提到“创新给诉讼让位”,可知此处应该是阻碍创新,因此B.hampers“妨碍,束缚”为正确答案。promote“促进,推动”,forbid一般意为“禁止”,在少数正式用语中有“阻碍”之意,enhance“提高,增强”,均不符合题意。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。此处意为“IPXI的方法不是对各类知识产权都适用”,work意为“奏效,起作用”,为正确答案。。impress“给……留下印象”,affect“影响”,apply“申请”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查名词辨析。此处是举例对上文“不是对各类知识产权都适用”进行说明,意为“不允许独家授权”,allow“允许,准许”,符合题意,因此B项正确。agree“同意”,include“包括”,involve“包含,牵连,影响”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 考查形容词辨析。结合全文来看,IPXI的这种知识产权交易的新方法使得企业通过发明创新来获利更加容易,因此C.easier为正确答案。more difficult“更困难”,simpler“更简单”,more complex“更复杂”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词词组。结合上下文可知此处意为“该交易所的加盟成员已达30个”,即它已与30个成员签署了协议,A.signed up“与……签署合同”为正确答案。sign for“签收”,sign on“签约受雇”,sign off“解雇”,均与题意不符。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 考查动词辨析。此处意为“IPXI公布了一份规划手册,用来______交易所如何运转”,需要填入及物动词。govern作及物动词有“控制;管理;指导”的意思,在文中意为“指导”,因此B.governs为正确答案。control“控制,支配”,manage“管理,经营”,均与题意不符。rule迷惑性较大,但其作及物动词意为“统治;支配;裁决”,与文意并不符合,故排除。