【正确答案】正确答案：Many language learning theories are proposed based on certain linguistic theories. Knowledge in linguistics lies at the root of understanding what language learners can learn, how they actually learn and what they learn ultimately. Therefore, linguistics has always played an important role in the studies of language acquisition and learning.(1 point)Linguistics can contribute to language learning research in three ways: (1)Grammar and language learning a. Focus on form: Although language learning should generally be meaning-focused and communication-oriented , it is still necessary and beneficial to focus on form occasionally. b. Universal grammar; A theory which claims to account for the grammatical competence of every adult no matter what language he or she speaks. It claims that every speaker knows a set of principles which apply to all languages and also a set of parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within certain limits. Knowledge of linguistic universals may help to shape L2 acquisition in a number of ways. For example, it can provide explanations for developmental sequences and language transfer.(3 points) (2)Input and language learning The input hypothesis is a theory proposed by Krashen(1985)to deal with the relationship between language input and learners" acquiring language. According to this hypothesis, learners acquire a language as a result of comprehending input addressed to them. Krashen brought forward the concept of " i + 1" principle, i. e. the language that learners are exposed to should be just far enough beyond their current competence that they can understand most of it but still be challenged to make progress. Input should neither be so far beyond their reach that they are overwhelmed, nor so close to their current stage that they are not challenged at all.(3 points) (3)Interlanguage in language learning Interlanguage is a language system between the target language and the learner"s native language. It forms when the learner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language. Studies on interlanguage can be done in two ways;(J)investigating the psychological, biological or neurological mechanism involved in the production of interlanguage;(2)investigating the linguistic features of interlanguage. These two kinds of studies are of equal importance.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言学对语言学习研究的贡献。我们可以从三方面进行阐述。(1)语法与语言学习：传统语法主要关注语言的形式，这对于语言学习有一定的影响。普遍语法(UG)也会对语言学习过程中的各方面产生影响。(2)输入与语言学习：输入假说也是克拉申语言习得理论的核心部分。克拉申认为，只有当习得者接触到“可理解的语言输入”(comprehensive input)，即略高于他现有语言技能水平的第二语言输入，而他又能把注意力集中于对意义或对信息的理解而不是对形式的理解时，才能产生习得。(3)中介语与语言学习：中介语是指在第二语言习得过程中，学习者通过一定的学习策略，在目的语输入的基础上所形成的一种既不同于其第一语言也不同于目的语，随着学习的进展向目的语逐渐过渡的动态的语言系统。中介语的研究可以分为两个方面：①研究中介语产生过程中的心理、生理和神经机制；②研究中介语的语言学特征。