【正确答案】
   雾霾天气范围扩大，环境污染矛盾突出¹，是大自然向粗放发展方式亮起的红灯。必须加强²生态环境保护，下决心用硬措施完成硬任务。
   V1: The haze that has been hanging over more areas of China for longer periods, and the problems¹ of environmental pollution are becoming major concerns¹; they are a red light from Nature warning against the extensive economic growth model. Therefore, we must forcefully/better² protect the ecological environment and be determined to take resolute measures to accomplish this demanding mission.
   V2: Smog is affecting larger parts of China and environmental pollution has become a major problem¹, which is nature's red-light warning against the model of inefficient and blind development. We must strengthen/ intensify/ step up/ reinforce² protection of the ecological environment and resolve to take forceful measures to complete this challenging task.
   要出重拳¹强化污染防治。
   V1: Tough measures will be adopted to better¹ prevent and control pollution.
   V2: We will take strong measures to strengthen¹ pollution prevention and control.
   以雾霾频发的特大城市和区域为重点，以细颗粒物(PM2.5)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)治理为突破口，抓住产业结构、能源效率、尾气排放和扬尘等关键环节，健全政府、企业、公众共同参与新机制，实行区域联防联控，深入实施大气污染防治行动计划³。
   V1: We will fully implement the plan for preventing and controlling air pollution³, with the focus on mega cities and regions with frequent occurrence of smog. We will start by reducing PM10 and PM2.5 emissions, and focus on the following key areas: improving the industrial structure, raising energy efficiency, reducing vehicle exhaust emissions, and preventing and monitoring wind-borne dust. We will improve the new mechanism involving government, enterprises and the general public, coordinate prevention and control efforts in affected regions, and fully implement the action plan for preventing and controlling air pollution³.
   V2: We will carry out the action plan for air-pollution prevention and control in a thorough manner³: by targeting ultra-large cities and regions that have frequently suffered from haze and fog; by reducing PM10 and PM2.5 emissions; by seizing such key links as improving the industrial structure, elevating energy efficiency, reducing vehicle exhaust emissions, and preventing and monitoring wind-borne dust; by improving the new mechanism of joint participation by government, enterprises and the public; and by coordinating joint prevention and control efforts in affected areas.
   今年要淘汰燃煤小锅炉5万台。
   V1: Specifically, 50,000 small coal-fired furnaces shall be phased out this year.
   V2: This year, 50,000 small coal-fired furnaces will be shut down.
   实施清洁水行动计划，加强饮用水源保护，推进重点流域污染治理⁴。实施土壤修复工程。
   V1: We will put in place an action plan for clean water by vigorously protecting the sources of drinking water, and moving ahead with the treatment of pollution in major river valleys⁴. We will also restore polluted land.
   V2: We will implement the clean water action plan, strengthen the protection of sources of drinking water, prevent and control water pollution in key river basins⁴, and carry out land restoration.
   推动能源生产和消费方式变革。
   V1: China will reform (the modes of) energy production and consumption.
   V2: We will change the way energy is produced and consumed.
   加大节能减排力度，⁵控制能源消费总量，⁵今年能源消耗强度要降低3.9%以上。
   V1: China will enhance energy savings and limit emissions to⁵ control the total volume of energy consumption, so as to⁵ reduce energy consumption by over 3.9% this year.
   V2: We will strengthen energy conservation and emissions reduction and⁵ impose a ceiling on total energy consumption.⁵This year, we aim to cut energy intensity by more than 3.9%.
   要提高非化石能源发电比重⁶，发展智能电网，鼓励发展风能、太阳能，开工一批水电、核电项目。
   V1: We will increase the proportion of non-fossil-fuel-generated electricity⁶; develop smart electric grids; encourage the development of wind and solar power, and launch a number of hydroelectric-power and nuclear power projects.
   V2: We will continue to raise the proportion of electricity generated by non-fossil fuel⁶, develop smart grids, encourage the development of wind and solar power, and start construction of a number of hydropower and nuclear power projects.
   加强天然气、页岩气勘探开采与应用。
   V1: We will increase exploration, development and application of natural gas and shale gas.
   V2: We will strengthen exploration, exploitation and utilization of natural gas and shale gas.
   发展清洁生产、绿色低碳技术和循环经济⁷，提高应对气候变化能力。
   V1: Employing clean methods of production, green and low-carbon technologies and a recycling economy⁷ will better enable us to cope with a changing climate.
   V2: We will develop clean production, green and low-carbon technologies and the circular economy⁷; and become better able to respond to climate change.
   强化节水、节材和资源综合利用。
   V1: Conserving water and materials and the overall better use of resources shall be our goal.
   V2: We will intensify water and materials conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources.
   加快⁸开发应用节能环保技术和产品，把节能环保产业打造成生机勃勃的⁹朝阳产业。
   V1: We will speed up⁸ the development and use of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies and products and tam the energy conservation and environmental protection industries into dynamic⁹ sunrise industries.
   V2: Finally, the development and application of energy-saving and environment-friendly technologies and products shall be encouraged⁸, so that energy-conserving and environment-protecting industries will be turned into robust⁹ sunrise industries.

【答案解析】 1.汉语中有许多比喻性的语言，如这里的“矛盾突出”以及下文的“出重拳”；而英语中较少使用比喻性的语言，所以英译时常需要删除比喻，改用普通的解释性的语言。以上的译文1、2将“矛盾突出”分别解释成major concerns和a major problem，都是可行的。“出重拳”也分别被解释成better和strengthen。
   2.在汉语政论文中，“加强”出现的频率很高，英译时不宜一律译成strengthen，还可使用同义词intensify，step up，reinforce，bolster等。此外还可改变整个句型，如译文1改用了副词：forcefully/ better (protect the ecological environment)。
   3.在原汉语中，处于句末的“深入实施大气污染防治行动计划”是主句，是要达到的目的，前面均为手段。译文1是公开发表的译文，先翻译了主句We will fully implement the plan for preventing and controlling air pollution，然后使用with来引导后面介绍手段的文字。但由于with这个介词很短，很难拖动后面这么多的词语，所以译者译完with the focus on mega cities and regions with frequent occurrence of smog后即断句，另起一句来介绍其他各种手段。断句后，为了清楚显示这些手段的目的，译者重复了fully implement the action plan for preventing and controlling air pollution。
   译文2试图将这个汉语长句译成一句英语长句，但鉴于描述手段的词语过多，故使用by四次，以增加其间的衔接性。通常只需要使用第一个by，但由于中间有个相当复杂的结构(by seizing such key links as improving the industrial structure, elevating energy efficiency, reducing vehicle exhaust emissions, and preventing and monitoring wind-borne dust)，所以如果省略后面三个by，全句结构不太容易看清。
   4.汉语较少使用连接词，分句之间的语义关系是模糊的，译者可发挥其主体性，主观解读其间的语义关系。译文2认为原汉语是并列关系，所以译文是并列句。译文1认为“加强饮用水源保护，推进重点流域污染治理”在补充说明“实施清洁水行动计划”，故使用了by引导的从属结构。两种译文都是可行的。
   5.原汉语是三句松散的并列句，译文2也比较松散、易懂，译文1通过使用to...，...so as to...一气呵成也是可以的，毕竟全句不长，合并成一句后信息并不是很拥挤。
   .译文2的the proportion of electricity generated by non-fossil fuel含有of和by两个介词，略显复杂；译文1的the proportion of non-fossil-fuel-generated electricity只有一个介词，更为简单。
   7.有些英美读者不知道circular economy为何意，不妨改用recycling economy。
   8.在政论文中，“加快”使用的频率很高，译者需要变换使用不同的英语词汇，如speed up，accelerate，quicken，expedite等。但有时“加快”出现的频率太高，常见的同义词不够用，这时还可改译成其他单词，如译文2中的be encouraged。
   9.翻译“生机勃勃的”时候，可注意使用高雅用词，以提高译文质量。假如某学生词汇量较小，先想到的词汇是active，这时可利用电脑功能搜寻同义词，具体办法是：选中active，点击工具栏中的“审阅”，再点击“同义词库”，这时会出现vigorous，energetic，dynamic等同义词；如果进一步点击vigorous还可找出robust等同义词。查阅同义词库，可激活译者头脑中的消极词汇(也即看到认识，但写作时很难想到的词汇)，然后译者根据自己的语感选用适合的同义词，以提高译文的感染力。