单选题 Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W, Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having afore-ground (近景) and a rear ground (远景),as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the camera's possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.
Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By placing images close together and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such arranged images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic (电影的，影片的) arrangement that have become standard ever since. These included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that were not in time order, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith borrowed devices of the Victorian novel in film-making and gave film mastery of time as well as space.
Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of America cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the conventional length of one reel. Griffith's introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution. Two years later, Judith of Bethulia, an elaborate historic-philosophical spectacle, reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour's running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ridiculous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.

单选题 The primary purpose of the text is to _____.
A. discuss the importance of Griffith to the development of the cinema
B. describe the impact on cinema of the Victorian literature and art
C. analyze the changes in the cinema brought by the introduction of the multireel film
D. emphasize Griffith's impact on the choice of subject matter in American films

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 由题干The primary purpose of the text is to定位到全文。
[精解] 主旨题。文章第一句Practically speaking．．．即点明主题：Griffith也对电影的成熟做出卓越的贡献，第二、三段第一句也对主题进行了补充，故A)正确。
[避错]维多利亚时代的文学艺术直接影响的是Griffith，对电影只是间接影响(见文中第一段最后一句)，且不是文章主旨，故排除B)；C)意思不全面，因为multireel film只是他的三个主要贡献之一；D)仅是文章中的一个分论点，不能作为主旨。

单选题 Which of the following statements would Griffith be most likely to agree with?
A. The good director will attempt to explore new ideas as quickly as possible.
B. The most important element contributing to a film's success is the ability of the actors.
C. The camera must be considered an integral and active element in the creation of a film.
D. The cinema should emphasize serious and sober examinations of fundamental human problems.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 由题干Griffith would be most likely to agree with 定位到原文第一段第二句：photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage．
[精解] 推断题。从第一段可以看出Griffith 积极运用镜头，“integral”与 Line 5，Para．1 “composition” 一致；“active”与line 3，Para．1“stationary”相对应。从Line 5，Para．1 一直到段尾都在介绍Griffith对镜头的充分运用。故选C)。
[避错]A)、B)文中未提及，无法得出Griffith是否赞同；D)与第三段第二句有些关联，但同样无法做出判断。此外“social issues”不等于“fundamental human problems”，前者具体，后者抽象。故D)不符题意。

单选题 According to Para. 2 which of the following is an aspect directly influenced by Griffith's film innovations?
A. Camera work. B. Film editing.
C. Range and treatment of subjects. D. Music composing.

单选题 According to the passage, the word "crosscut" ( Line 7, Para. 2 ) most probably means _____.
A. scissoring B. editing C. revise D. shortcut

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 由题干the word“crosscut”(Line7，Para．2)most probably means定位到原文第二段后两句These included the flashback．．．the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement．In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing．．．
[精解] 语义题。由第二段可推断，crosscut包括在editing之中，它是按照艺术手法的需要将拍好的片子加以顺序上的交叉剪接，所以对影片的crosscut即是一种 editing，故B)“编辑，剪辑”正确。
[避错]A)强调(用剪刀等)剪的具体动作，不同于文中电影制作中的剪接，故A)不对；“修正，修订”指在内容上做出修改、删减，而文中并无此意，故排除C)；shortcut与crosscut在某些情况下可同义替换，均有“捷径”之意，而crosscut在文中不做此解，故排除D)。

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was ______.
A. 15 minutes or less B. between 15 and 30 minutes
C. between 30 and 60 minutes D. 1 hour or more

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 由题干the text that before 1910 the normal running time of a film was 定位到原文第三段第四、第五句When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911，he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the conventional length of one reel．Griffith's introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an immense revolution．
[精解] 推断题。由Lines 5---6，Para．3“ in the．．．one reel”及Line 8“reached．．．four reels，or one hour's．．．”可知，传统电影是用一本胶片就可摄制完的。后来Griffith达到四本胶片即一个小时的放映时间。所以可推出一本影片拷贝为15分钟，因而从前一部电影不多于15分钟。故选A)。
[避错]B)、C)、D)选项中的时间均不符合原文。