单选题 Hyperinflation (极度通货膨胀) is defined as an economic condition during which there is steep increase in price.
In accordance with the laws of economics, three factors combine to create this condition. Firstly, demand must be much greater than the supply of available goods. Secondary, the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money. Thirdly, the governmental processes that are used to collect taxes must be destroyed.
Let's imagine a country where production is barely accomplishing its goal: to keep up with demand. When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes. But the government is powerless to collect the taxes, so it prints more money to make up for the goods it must purchase. This new money goes to the workers who produced the goods; as a result, the people are not forced to give up certain things for a while. They actually become richer. While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually worse off. Every month the government is forced to print more and more money so as to increase the amount of goods it can purchase until it is destroyed. The only way to prevent total economic breakup in such a situation is for the government to increase taxes in a manner that is characterized by equality to every one involved.

单选题 According to the passage, hyperinflation is characterized by______.
A. the rapid decrease in price B. the reasonable increase in price
C. the rapid increase in price D. the short-term increase in price
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】事实细节题。本题询问根据文章内容，极度通货膨胀的特点是什么。根据文章第一段对极度通货膨胀的定义 可知发生通货膨胀时，价格急剧上涨，故选项C为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(价格急剧下降)与文章内容相反。选项B(价格合理上涨)与价格急剧上涨是有其区别的。 在文章当中没有提到极度通货膨胀时的价格上涨是长期还是短期现象，故不选选项D(价格短期上涨)。
单选题 Which of the following is NOT among the factors which combine to create hyperinflation?
A. Demand is much greater than supply.
B. The country continuously supplies money.
C. The government is able to collect taxes by the existing processes.
D. The government is powerless in collecting taxes.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问下面哪一项不是造成极度通货膨胀的因素。根据文章第二段最后一句可知造成极度通货膨胀的一个因素是政府征税程序遭到破坏，由此可以推断出政府无法通过原有的程序征税，所以选项C (政府能够通过现行的程序征税)说法不符合文意，故此题正确答案为选项C。
[避错指南] 根据文章第二段第二句话可知选项A(需求远远大于供应)符合文意。根据文章第二段第三句话可知选项B(国家不断提供货币)符合文意。根据第二段最后一句话可知政府在征税方面无能为力，故选项D也符合文意。
单选题 According to the passage, the goal of production is______.
A. to raise taxes B. to create the rich
C. to increase salary D. to satisfy demand
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问根据这篇文章，生产的目的是什么。根据文章第三段第一句话可知生产要达到目标就要使生产与需求同步，满足需求，故选项D为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(增加税收)、选项B(造就更多的富人)与选项C(增加工资)都不是生产的目的，故不选。
单选题 When production can not keep up with demand, the government which is powerless in collecting taxes______.
A. can decrease the production amount
B. has to provide more money
C. has to encourage production amount
D. can increase workers' salary
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】事实细节题。本题询问当生产不能满足需求时，在征税方面无能为力的政府会怎样做。根据文章第三段第三句话可知当政府在征税方面显得无能为力时，就会发行更多的货币以补偿应该购买的货物，故选项B(不得不提供更多的货币)为正确答案。
[避错指南] 选项A(降低生产量)、选项C(不得不鼓励提高生产量)以及选项D(可以增加工资)在文章当中没有提到，故不选。
单选题 According to the passage, the way to prevent economic breakup in the time of hyperinflation is to______.
A. increase the amount of money B. establish new taxing procedures
C. learn experience from foreign counties D. tax every citizen of the country
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问根据这篇文章，发生极度通货膨胀时，防止经济崩溃的办法是什么。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知，防止经济崩溃的唯一办法就是以公平的方式对每一位纳税公民提高税收。根据文章第二段最后一句话可知发生极度通货膨胀时原有的征税程序已经遭到破坏。这就意味着文章最后一段最后一句提到的解决办法是建立新的征税程序。故此题正确答案为B。
[避错指南] 根据文章内容，选项A(增加货币量)最终会导致极度通货膨胀，不符合本题的要求。选项C(学习 外国经验)在文章当中根本没有提到，故不选。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知新的征税程序只是涉及到那些有义务纳税的公民，并不是要对每一位公民纳税，选项D夸大了事实，故此说法不正确。