Can earthquake be predicted? Scientists are (1)_____ programs to predict where and when an earthquake will occur. They hope to (2)_____ an early warning system that can be used to (3)_____ earth-quakes so that lives can be saved. The scientists who are (4)_____ this work is called seismologists. The word seismologist is (5)_____ from the Greek word seismos, meaning earthquake. Earthquakes are the most dangerous and (6)_____ of all natural events. They occur in many parts of the world. Giant earthquakes have been (7)_____ in Iran, China, India, Alaska, and so on. Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded (8)_____ in China and Alaska, which measured about 8.5 on the Richter Scale. The Richter Scale was (9)_____ by Charles Richter in 1935, and compares the energy (10)_____ of earthquakes. An earthquake that measures a 2 on the scale can be felt but causes (11)_____ damage. One that measures 4.5 on the scale can cause slight damage, and an earth-quake that has a reading of over 7 can cause (12)_____ damage. It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates a quake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. How do earthquakes occur? Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks along cracks, or faults, in the earth"s crust. The (13)_____ is produced when rocks near each other are pulled (14)_____ different directions. Earthquake (15)_____ is in its infancy. Scientists have only a (16)_____ understanding of the physical (17)_____ that cause earthquakes. Much more research has to be done. New and more up-to-date (18)_____ have to be found for collecting earthquake data and analyzing it. (19)_____, seismologists have had some success in predicting earthquakes. Several small earthquakes were predicted. While this is a small start, it is (20)_____ a beginning.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析:短语辨析题。文章开篇首句提出问题:Can earthquake be predicted?(地震可以预测吗?)下一句作者指出:科学家们正在研究能够预测地震何时何地发生的程序。work on意为"致力于,从事",放在句中符合上下文语境。work for意为"为…而工作",不能跟programs连用,故排除。take on意为"呈交,提交";take for意为"当作,误认为",这两个短语与句中各部分没有语义关系,故排除。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:语义衔接题。上一句提到:科学家们在研究能够预测地震何时何地发生的程序,本句是对上句做出进一步解释:他们希望开发一个早期预警系统,可以用来预测地震,这样就可以避免伤亡。句中develop an early warning system与上句中的work on programs属于同一语境,前者是对后者的进一步解释说明,develop在句中指"开发"。produce意为"生产,制作",虽然produce an early warning system也说得通,但develop an early warning system与前一句中的work on programs语义联系更为紧密,将科学家们兢兢业业,努力进行研究的过程表现出来,故develop比produce更适合;learn意为"学习",这与前句"研究开发程序"意思不一致,故排除;discover意为"发现",discover an early warning system表示"这个系统已经存在,只不过没被发现而已",这与前句"致力于研究程序"意思相悖。
【答案解析】解析:语义衔接题。从第二段第三句"有记载的最大的两次地震发生在中国和阿拉斯加,达到了里氏8.5级"可知既然最大的地震达到了8.5级,这说明震级越高,造成的损害也就越大。由此可以推出,里氏2级应该属于非常小的地震,从下一句中的One that measures 4.5 On the scale can cause slight damage (4.5级地震会造成轻微的损害)可以推出,里氏2级地震造成的损害应该很小,故本题选择little,用来修饰不可数名词damage,表示"微不足道"之意。few不能人选是因为few后要求用可数名词;much与little意思刚好相反,这与震级越低,损害越小不符,故排除;no属于绝对选项,我们无法确定是否里氏2级地震不会造成一点儿损害,因此不选no。
【答案解析】解析:语义衔接题。本段第二句指出地震产生的原因:Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks along cracks,or faults,in the earth"s crust.(地震是岩石在地壳中顺着裂缝移动造成的)。然后作者又指出:当临近的岩石被拉向不同的方向时,就会产生…。从本题前面的定冠词可以断定,这是上句中提到的某种东西。fault就是指上句中提到的裂缝,放回句中符合句意。第二句中提到的名词有rock、crack(fault)和crust,岩石无法产生岩石,故可排除rock;同样,crust(地壳)也不是岩石被拉伸造成的;第二句中明指出地震产生的原因是"岩石在地壳中顺着裂缝移动",本句中没有必要再次提及地震产生的原因,故排除earthquake。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:惯用搭配题。本句是说"当临近的岩石被拉向不同的方向时,就会产生缝隙"。与direction搭配的介词是in,如:The enemy fled in all directions(敌人向四面八方逃窜)。on、by和with都不与direction形成搭配。
【答案解析】解析:语义衔接题。前一句意为:地震预测还处于起步阶段。由该句中的in its infancy可以确定科学家对于地震的预测或产生地震的原因只理解了一部分,故选用partial,意为"部分的,局部的"。complete意为"全部的,完全的",完全理解与前句中的起步阶段不吻合,故排除;deep意为"深入的",profound意为"深刻的",也与起步阶段不符合。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析:词汇辨析题。此处解释地震预测处于起步阶段:科学家只是部分理解产生地震的物理过程。process意为"过程",如:Building a car is a long process.(制造一辆小汽车是个很长的过程)。procedure意为"程序",proceeding意为"进行",此处上下文并没有强调地震发生的步骤,而是笼统地谈论过程,故排除;procession意为"行列,队伍",与本句句意无关。
【答案解析】解析:语义衔接题。本题前一句指出已经预测出一些小型地震;接下来,作者话锋一转:但这只是一小步。显然后面的a beginning与段首的in its infancy呼应,表明地震预测还有很多事情需要做。句中使用still隐含着作者的深层含义:虽然地震预测取得了一些进步,但是仍处于起步阶段,还有许多工作需要完善。just意为"刚刚";also意为"而且";instead意为"替代,更换"。这几个词放在句中不符合句子语义逻辑关系,故排除。