【正确答案】正确答案：Syntagmatic relation is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present, such as the relation between weather and the others in the following sentence; If the weather is nice, we"ll go out. If the words in a sentence fail to occur in a fixed order required by the convention of a language, one tends to produce an utterance either ungramrnatical or nonsensical at all. Syntagmatic relations are also called horizontal relations or simply chain relations.(2 points) Paradigmatic relation is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent, such as the relation between man, boy and girl in the sentence; The man/boy/girl smiles. This is what Saussure called associative relations or in Hjemslev"s term, paradigmatic relations. To make it more understandable, they are called vertical relations or choice relations.(2 points) By the relation of co-occurrence one means that words of different sets of clauses may permit, or require the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. Thus relations of co-occurrence partly belong to syntagmatic relations and partly to paradigmatic relations.(1 point)

【答案解析】解析：考查组合关系与聚合关系。索绪尔提出了两种主要关系类型：组合关系与聚合关系。前者指一个单位和同一序列中的其他单位之间的关系，或者说是在现场的所有成分之间的关系。聚合关系，索绪尔原本将其叫做联想关系，是指在结构的某个特殊位置上彼此可以相互替换的成分之间的关系，或者说是在现场的成分与不在现场的成分之间的关系。现在，组合关系也叫做水平关系或链状关系；聚合关系也叫做垂直关系或选择关系。