We are uncertain about future learning although the higher-education model has barely changed for centuries. Three disruptive waves are threatening to upend established education.
One is the funding crisis because of rising institution costs. It is a shortfall hard to solve for the universities' brightest brains. Governments can no longer afford to subsidize. And mass bankruptcies may happen in two decades.
Another is the challenging technological revolution to higher education's business model. Open online courses now teach more students via the web or tablet apps at lower cost. It is considered as a killer of inefficient universities.
The third wave is that the universities now have to train and retrain workers throughout their careers. And they have to adapt to improving machine intelligence and new online business models.
However, traditional universities have a few trump cards, such as the creation of social capital. University is a place for the communication by means of personal intercourse. Thus, elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios are least likely to lose out to online competitors. 

该录音讲的是教育在技术变革时代的前景与问题。文章首先提出未来的教 育难以捉摸，并提到三个对现有教育形成冲击的大趣。英文简述可以写为：
We are uncertain about future learning although the higher-education model has barely changed for centuries. Three disruptive waves are threatening to upend established education.
文章接着逐一说明这三个大潮。第一个是资金危机潮，并指出对此即使是大学里 最聪明的人也感到难以解决，所以有人分析说大规模破产可能在2 0年内发生。英文概括如下：
One is the funding crisis because of rising institution costs. It is a shortfall hard to solve for the universities’ brightest brains. Governments can no longer afford to subsidize. And mass bankruptcies may happen in two decades.
第二个大潮是技术革命对高等教育经营模式的挑战。网上课程可以在更大范围对 更多学生实施教学，而且花费很低，这可以看成是效率低下的大学的杀手。英文可以 简述为：
Another is the challenging technological revolution to higher education's business model. Open online courses now teach more students via the web or tablet apps at lower cost. It is considered as a killer of inefficient universities.
第三个大潮是现在的大学教育需要对工作人员实施从头到尾的继续教育，而且还 需要适应智能化的和新的在线教育经营模式。英文简述为：
The third wave is that the universities now have to train and retrain workers throughout their careers. And they have to adapt to improving machine intelligence and new online business models.
文章最后从相反方向进行了补充，指出传统教育也并非一无是处，它也有自己的 王牌，即可以创造社会资本。大学也是一个人际交流的地方，那些学生和老师人数之 比比较小而精英荟萃的名牌大学不大可能在与当代在线教育的竞争中失利。对这层意 思可以做如下概括：
However, traditional universities have a few trump cards, such as the creation of social capital. University is a place for the communication by means of personal intercourse. Thus, elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios are least likely to lose out to online competitors.

[录音原文]
The future of learning is on the mind of most nations in the world. Everyone seems curious, excited, but also uncertain about where this journey will take him or her. The higher-education model of lecturing, cramming and examination has barely changed for centuries. Now , three disruptive waves are threatening to upend established ways of teaching and learning.
On one front, a funding crisis has created a shortfall that the universities' brightest brains are struggling to solve. Institutions’ costs are rising， owing to pricey investments in technology， teachers’ salaries and galloping administrative costs. That comes as governments conclude that they can no longer afford to subsidize universities as generously as they used to. American colleges, in particular, are under pressure: some analysts predict mass bankruptcies within two decades.
At the same time, a technological revolution is challenging higher education's business model. Massive open online courses, or MOOCs, are digitally-delivered courses that teach students via the web or tablet apps. With low startup costs and powerful economies of scale, online courses dramatically lower the price of learning and widen access to it by removing the need for students to be taught at set times or places. Clayton Christensen of Harvard Business School considers MOOCs a potent disruptive technology that will kill off many inefficient universities.
These financial and technological disruptions coincide with a third great change: whereas universities used to educate only a tiny elite， they are now responsible for training and retraining workers throughout their careers. Improvements in machine intelligence are enabling automation to creep into new sectors of the economy, from book-keeping to retail. New online business models threaten sectors that had, until recently, weathered the Internet storm. University courses must adapt.
Traditional universities have a few trump cards. As well as teaching, examining and certification, college education creates social capital. Students learn how to debate, present them selves and make contacts. In The Idea of a University, published in 1858, John Henry New man described a university as cta place for the communication and circulation of thought, by means of personal intercourse， through a wide extent of country” . A digital college experience cannot deliver all of that. Thus, the universities least likely to lose out to online competitors are elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios. Many such universities offer networking opportunities to students alongside a degree. They profit from expanding the ratio of online learning to classroom teaching, lowering their costs w hile still offering the prize of a college education conducted partly on campus.