【正确答案】
   中国政府通过增加国内粮食生产，保持粮食供需平衡的决心是坚定的¹，有信心领导全国人民实现这一目标。同时，中国政府也清醒地认识到实现这个目标的艰巨性：
   V1: The Chinese government has determined to even up the grain supply to meet the demand through increasing grain production¹, and is confident of its ability to lead the people throughout the country to achieve this goal. But at the same time it also knows clearly that this is not an easy task.
   V2: The Chinese government is resolved to strike a balance between grain supply and demand through expanded domestic production.¹ The government is certain it can mobilize the nation to fulfill that objective. Still, the authorities recognize this is a difficult undertaking.
   第一，中国农业资源人均占有量²在世界上属于低水平，耕地和水资源不足是农业发展的最大制约因素。
   V1: First, the average amount of agricultural resources per capita in China² is low compared with many other countries. China lacks cultivated land and water resources, and this is the dominant factor restricting its agricultural development.
   V2: First, China's per capita resources² are smaller than those of most/ numerous foreign countries, and arable land and water, being in short supply, are vital elements that inhibit agricultural expansion.
   在这样的资源条件下，要创造出远高于世界平均水平的农业生产率³，必须花大力气⁴。
   V1: In these conditions China must make great efforts⁴ to advance its agricultural productivity and make it far higher than the average world level³.
   V2: These circumstances dictate that China has to raise agricultural productivity well above the global average³, which entails strenuous efforts⁴.
   第二，中国农业基础设施薄弱，生产手段落后，抗灾能力差，需要坚持不懈地改善生产条件，提高抗灾能力⁵。
   V1: Second, China's agricultural infrastructure is weak, means of production lag behind and it does not have sufficient ability to fight natural calamities. So a sustained effort should be made in these respects⁵.
   V2. Second, with a frail farming infrastructure, China has only outmoded means of production and is weak in the fight against natural disasters. To remedy these ills⁵ a prolonged struggle is required.
   第三，中国农户生产规模小，经营分散，在向社会主义市场经济体制转变的过程中，容易造成⁶粮食生产的波动，需要进一步加强对粮食生产的调控。
   V1: Third, grain production will fluctuate in the course of the transformation of the economy into a socialist market one because of⁶ the small-scale production and decentralized management of peasant households. So adjustment and control of grain production should be strengthened.
   V2: Third, in the course of the transformation into a socialist market economy, the small-scale farm production and decentralized operation tend to cause⁶ volatile grain production, thus requiring stronger control over grain production.
   第四，中国正处在工业化迅速发展的阶段，在资源分配上还存在不利于粮食生产的倾向⁷，需要继续对农业特别是粮食生产采取有效的支持措施。
   V1: Fourth, because China is in a period of rapid industrial development, there is a distribution tendency in resources that is unfavorable to grain production⁷. So effective measures have to be adopted in support of agriculture, especially grain production.
   V2: Fourth, since China is undergoing rapid industrialization and allocation of resources tends to be unfavorable to grain output⁷, it is imperative to introduce effective measures to support agriculture, grain production in particular.
   总之，中国政府将正视困难⁸，在经济布局和工作指导上⁹，继续严格执行保护耕地和生态环境的基本国策，实施科教兴农¹⁰和可持续发展两大战略。
   V1: In a word, facing difficulties⁸ squarely, the Chinese government will continue to strictly carry out the basic policy of protecting cultivated land and ecological environment in its economic distribution and its work guidance⁹ and implement the two major strategies: developing agriculture by relying on science,  technology and education in the countryside¹⁰, and realizing sustainable development.
   V2: China will confront the/those difficulties⁸ bravely. In its economic distribution and work guidance⁹, it will continue to strictly execute the state policy of protecting farmland and ecological environment as well as the two strategies of invigorating farming through science, technology and education¹⁰ and achieving  sustainable development.
   推动农业经济体制和农业增长方式的根本性转变，以促进粮食综合生产能力的稳步提高。
   V1: Thus it expects to promote a fundamental change in the agricultural economic system and the method of increasing agricultural production, so as to facilitate the steady increase of the overall grain production capability.
   V2: In that way the agricultural economic system and the mode/ pattern of agricultural expansion will be reshaped (will witness/experience/undergo a fundamental change), which in turn will promote/ stimulate a steady growth of the comprehensive ability for grain production.

【答案解析】 1.汉译英时要注意句型结构的变化。如将“中国政府通过增加国内粮食生产，保持粮食供需平衡的决心是坚定的”译成The Chinese government has determined to increase grain production to even up the grain supply to meet the demand，由于连续使用了三个to，显得缺少变化。以上译文1改用了through increasing grain production，删除了一个to，避免了单调。译文2仅使用了一个to，完全没有单调的缺点。
   2.中国人在翻译时往往会不知不觉地添加了不必要的词语。译文1中的average与per capita在语义上重叠了。译文2的China's per capita resources删除了语义上的重叠，此外改用了前置定语，所以显得十分精练。
   3.在翻译“要创造出远高于世界平均水平的农业生产力”时，译文1“must make great efforts to advance its agricultural productivity and make it far higher than the average world level”用词过多，在此advance与and make...higher在语义上重复，需要精简。译文2将其合并成raise…well above...，比较简洁。
   4.译文1、2对“必须花大力气”的处理都是正确的。译文1调整了原中文的语序，译文2保持了原中文的语序，两者均可；但按原文语序翻译更容易让考试阅卷人和其他读者看清楚你的翻译。
   5.句末的“改善生产条件，提高抗灾能力”不必全部译出。因为前面已经提到了“生产”和“抗灾”，所以可使用简单的英语替代词来简化译文。译文1、2分别使用了in these respects和these ills，都是很好的翻译办法。
   6.此例也说明英语语序的灵活性。原汉语“造成”的前后分别是原因和结果，英译时可以先翻原因(见译文2)，也可先翻结果(见译文1)。
   7.在翻译时要注意将语义相关的词语安排在靠近的位置上。译文1将distribution与resources这两个语义上相关的词汇拆开，不太妥当。译文2的安排更为妥当。
   8.在学习英语语法、做有关英语冠词的练习题时，往往只有一个正确答案。但在汉译英中，由于原文的语义不总是十分确定的，所以有时有各种不同的正确译法。在原文的“中国政府将正视困难”中，译者可将“困难”理解为没有具体所指的任何困难，所以可使用零冠词(见译文1)；译者也可认为“困难”指前面一句中所谈的几种困难，所以应使用定冠词(见译文2)。
   9.“在经济布局和工作指导上”究竟仅修饰“继续严格执行保护耕地和生态环境的基本国策”，还是同时修饰“继续严格执行保护耕地和生态环境的基本国策”和“实施科教兴农和可持续发展两大战略”?原汉语是模糊的，不同读者会有不同的解读。译文1的in its economic distribution and its work guidance仅修饰前者，而译文2的In its economic distribution and work guidance可能同时修饰两者。由于译文2保留了原文的模糊性，更为妥当。
   10.让我们对比译文1的by relying on和译文2的through。在很多情况下这两者可以互换，但在此句中使用by relying on不妥，因为它会使读者看不清楚后面的realizing究竟与relying并列，还是与developing并列。译文2使用through就不会和两个含有-ing的动词(invigorating、achieving)混淆在一起了。