【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[听力原文]23-30
F：Professor Bevan，how important is motivation for a manager?
M：Oh，motivation is extremely important．I would say it's the most important aspect of a manager's
job．A manager's job is to get the job done，whatever that job might be．So a manager has to motivate the workers as a team and also on an individual basis．Without motivation，the job just won't get done．
F：So how do managers go about doing this? It doesn't sound very easy．
M：No，it is a complicated issue．But managers have special tools．They are trained to use them to boost motivation and increase production to a maximum．
F：Oh，tools?
M：Yes，tools like praise，approval and recognition．And…yes，and there is trust，and expectation．All important for workers．
F：And money? How about money?
M：Yes，money is a factor but you might be surprised to learn that it comes out last on the list of these tools that we are talking about．The Saratoga Institute repots that 88% of employees voluntarily leave their jobs for other reasons，such as person-job mismatch，insufficient coaching and feedback,poor career-advancement prospects，work-life imbalance，distrust toward senior leader ship．and…and also low confidence in leadership．
F：Well，there are so many factors．
M：Yes．Still，many managers refuse to acknowledge these factors，preferring to see more money as the prime motivator．
F：So，what comes before money?What sorts of things are more important for workers?
M：Well，all of the things that I have already mentioned，and then，let me see…job enrichment and good communication between the workers and the bosses．You know，good managers should know how to provide the everyday coaching，feedback，and recognition that keep employees engaged．
F：And have you got any examples of real life situations to back up your cla ms?
M：Well，one good example is the firm Western Electric．When managers started taking an interest in their workers there was a huge increase in production．They started to talk to the workers and en couraged them to get involved in decision-making．Workers began to feel that their contributions were important．And it paid off．
F：Productivity increased?
M：Yes，hugely．The Swedish company Kochums is another example．The company was on the verge of collapse when managers decided to try a change in motivation practice．
F：What did they do?
M：Well，basically it was a change in attitude towards their workers．Managers decided to stop giving orders and to try persuading them instead．
F：And it worked?
M：Absolutely．In just ten years they managed to turn a 15 million dollar loss into a 100 million dollarprofit．
F：So，let's get this straight．Are you saying that workers are not interested in earning more money?
M：I'm saying they're not JUST interested in money．It is important of course．We need to enjoy a certain standard of living．But，as I mentioned before，there are other things that are even more important； such as praise，approval，recognition，trust and expectation，job enrichment and good communi cation．
F：Ok，according to your research，how does a great manager motivate workers on an individual basis?
M：Each person's talent is unique．Great managers recognize that each person is motivated differently．They try to help each person become more of what one already is．
F：Could you elaborate on this point a bit further?
M：Sure．You know，great managers believe that each individual is uniquely talented，expressing themselves through unique goals，unique capabilities，and unique accomplishments．That is why great managers do not help people fix their weaknesses．Instead，they focus on their strengths…
经理工作中最重要的方面是什么?Prof．Bevan说调动员工的积极性堪称经理工作最重要的方面。只有调动了员工的积极性才能顺利完成工作。随后他补充说经理一定要从集体和个人两个层面来调动员工的积极性(as a team and also on an individual basis)。而调动的积极性换言之就是让员工对工作有热情，因此答案B是正确的选项。答案A，找到最努力的员工，谈话中并没有提及；答案C，鼓励员工互相合作，这个选项有一定的干扰性，因为Prof．Bevan提到了to motivate the workers as a team，但是这只是调动工作积极性的一个方面，还有个人层面(on an individual basis)并没有包括在这个选项中，因此答案C是不全面的，应予以排除。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】Prof．Bevan认为下列哪一项是最低级的调动工具?Prof．Bevan谈到了经理所应用的一系列调动积极性的工具，例如赞扬(praise)、肯定(approval)、认可(recognition)、信任(trust)等等。但是当记者追问金钱的作用时，Prof．Bevan回答说money is a factor．but you might be surprised to learn that it comes out last on the list of these tools(金钱的确是一个因素，但是也许会让你感到意外，它是诸多工具中排在最后面的)。因此选择答案C。做这类题目的时候一定要以对话内容为依据，不要受自己主观臆断的影响。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据Saratoga研究机构的报告，下列哪个因素不是员工辞职的主要原因?Prof．Bevan指出Saratoga研究报告显示88%的员工辞职的原因包括工作不适合自己(person．job mismatch)，接受的指导和反馈不足(insufficient coaching and feedback)，事业发展前途有限(poor career-advancement prospects)，工作、生活失衡work-life imbalance)，对高级领导缺乏信任(distrust towards senior leadership)，以及对领导能力缺乏信心(low confidence in leadership)。答案A和C的内容都包括在上述因素中，唯独B项内容—对薪酬不满—没有涉及，因此B是正确答案。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】出色的经理应该如何让员工专心于工作?Prof．Bevan明确指出好的经理应该知道如何作出日常指导，给予反馈和认可。从而让员工专心于工作(good managers should know how to provide the everyday coaching，feedback and recognition that keep employees engaged)。据此不难选出正确答案为B，给予员工反馈和鼓励。答案A，按时给员工加薪，既然金钱不是最好的调动积极性的手段，那么出色的经理就不会只采用这种方法来管理员工，所以可以将该答案排除；答案C，关心员工的个人问题，谈话中并没有涉及，故排除。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】Western Electric的经理是如何改善公司运营情况的?应采访中记者的要求，Prof．Bevan用WesternElectric公司作为例子，说明经理给予员工及时的指导、反馈和认可的重要性。当Western Electric公司的经理开始重视员工之后，产量大幅度提高。他们同员工谈话，鼓励他们参与决策(encouraged them to get involved in decision-making)。工人们感觉到他们的贡献非常重要(Workers began to feel that their contribu-tions were important．)。最终结果不负众望(it paid off)。答案A，提高工人工资，谈话中没有提及，而且Prof．Bevan反复强调金钱并非重要因素，因此可以将这个选项排除；答案B，他们让员工做所有的决定，这一选项有一定的干扰性，但是它实际上是对原文意思的曲解，工人们被鼓励参与决策，但并不等同于自行做出所有决定，因此B并非正确答案；答案C，他们让员工有更多的参与感才是忠于原文意思的选项。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】瑞典公司Kochums的经理激发积极性的做法发生了怎样的改变?Kochums公司是Prof．Bevan所举的另一个实例。公司原本濒临崩溃的边缘(on the verge of collapse)，于是管理人员们开始谋求改变。最主要的就是改变对待工人的态度(change in attitude towards their workers)，他们决定不再下达命令(stop givingorders)，而是试着说服工人(try persuading them)。因此正确的答案为A。而前后的态度都与奖励、奖金(bonus)无关，所以答案B和C均可排除。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】下列关于Kochum公司的运营情况，哪一项是正确的?Prof．Bevan说Kochum公司采取新的管理手段之后，他们在短短的10年内扭亏为盈，将1，500万美元的损失(a 15 million dollar loss)变成了1亿美元的盈利(a 100 million dollar profit)。答案A，公司过去每年损失1，500万美元，与事实有出入，1，500万美元并非过去每年的损失额，而是10年间损失的总额；答案B，公司10年内挣得1亿美元。这个选项很有干扰性。但是据Prof．Bevan所说，该公司10年获利(profit)1亿美元，并非获得1亿美元，因此B项也不正确，答案C才是正确的选项。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】出色的经理要如何激发员工个人的积极性?Pro. Bevan指出出色的经理要能意识到针对每个人都要用不同的方式调动其积极性(each person is nmtivated differently)。每个人都有独特的才能(each individual is uniquely talented)，因此好的经理并非是要帮助大家改进自己的弱点(help people fix their weaknesses)，而是要着眼并发扬每个人的强项(focus on their strengths)。因此A为正确答案。