单选题
A new examination of urban policies has been carded out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and
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development. She warns that many of the world"s fast-growing urban areas,
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in developing countries, will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to
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emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
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These gases are known to have great
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on the atmosphere. "Climate change is a deeply local issue and
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profound threats to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao, "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to
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their residents. "
Cities are
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sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao"s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term
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.
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential
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associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat
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paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be
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serious in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may
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basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing
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access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.
Local governments,
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, should take measures to protect their residents. "Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric
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meaningful responses," Romero Lankao writes, "They don"t impose construction standards
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could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don"t emphasize mass transit and reduce
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use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach (不插手的政策)." Thus, she urges them to change their
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policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change
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cities.
【答案解析】[考点] 语义以及词类的综合考查(：puts“放，放置”；poses“造成，形成，摆姿势”；takes“拿，取”；carries“携带”)
[解析] 选项四个词都是动词，且此处无固定搭配，将四个选项分别代入后利用语境，可知pose比较符合语境，即“气候变化是一个严重的区域问题，对世界上发展中的城市造成了严重的危害”。pose常见的搭配有pose a question(提出问题)，pose a threat(形成威胁)等。
【答案解析】[考点] 语义以及词类的综合考查(train“火车”；automobile“汽车”；bus“公共汽车”；bike“自行车”)
[解析] 四个选项都是交通工具的名词，只能利用语境解题。句中的“...emphasize mass transit”提示要减少的运输工具不会是大众交通工具(mass transit)，因此选项中的train和bus便可排除，而bike不会释放二氧化碳，也可排除，所以答案是automobile，因为私家车排放大量的二氧化碳，是城市主要的污染源之一。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[考点] 语义以及词类的综合考查(idle“悠闲的，无所事事的”；smart“聪明的，巧妙的”；busy“忙碌的”；secure“安全的”)
[解析] 这里包含有一个特殊句型结构“just as..., so...”，意为“正如……，……也如此”。与此类似的结构还有“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词”，意为“……也如此”。例如：
I am a student, so is he. 我是学生，他也是学生。
I like English movie, so does he. 我喜欢英文电影，他也喜欢。
I will take part in the English corner tomorrow, so will he. 我明天去参加英语角，他也去。
四个选项都是形容词，且此处无固定搭配，所以需要利用语境解题。四个选项分别代入后可知idle比较符合语境，即“许多当地的政府都采取不插手的政策，因此她敦促地方政府改变他们无所作为(idle)的政策”，所以答案为A。