Passage Three
Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life's essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest years for which figures are available, the number of people who didn't have breakfast increased by 33 percent—from 8. 8 million to 11. 7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America．
For those who feel pain or guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. 'Going without breakfast does not affect performance. ' said Arnold E. Bender, the former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, 'nor does giving people breakfast improve performance. '
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. 'The literature,' says one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, 'is poor'.
The passage is mainly concerned with ______.
题干大意是：这篇文章主要关注的是_______。本文的关键词是breakfast,health,performance。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕“早餐与健康的关系”展开。故选D。
For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that ______.
题干大意是：对于那些不吃早餐的人来说，好消息是____。根据第三段第二句"Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong withomitting breakfast.”可知，最近几年的研究表明：尤其是对成年人来说，不吃早餐或许并没有什么不好的。故选B。
In the third paragraph, 'nor does giving people breakfast improve performance. ' means ______.
题干大意是：第三段中“nor does giving people breakfast improve performance”的意思是__________。根据第三段最后一句“‘Going without breakfast does not affect performance,' said Amold E.Bender, the former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London,'nor does giving peoplebreakfast improve performance.'”可推知，不吃早餐不会影响工作表现，吃了早餐也不会改善人们的工作表现。由此可推知，"nor does giving people breakfast improve performance”意为“吃早餐也不会改善人们的工作表现”。四个选项中D项与其意思最接近。故选D。
The word 'literature' in the last sentence refers to ______.
题干大意是：最后一句中literature这个词指的是_________。根据上文可知，literature在此处指“关于早餐的文章”。A项意为“关于早餐的叙述”,符合题意。B项(关于某一课题的书面作品)、C项(任何印刷品)和D项(美国现代小说)均不符合题意。故选A。
What is implied but not stated by the author is that ______.
题干大意是：作者暗示但并未指明的是_________。根据最后一段第一句“Scientificevidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults.”可知，将早餐与健康或更好的工作表现联系起来的科学研究涉及的是儿童，而不是成年人。由此可推知，儿童不吃早餐可能会影响健康。故选A。