结构推理 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. In Japan each university offers an examination of its own. Even though many national and public universities as well as some private universities today ask students to take one common national examination as the first of the series of examinations, the university always offers its unique examinations to those who did well in the common national examination. And many private universities and colleges simply do not ask students to take the common national examination but offer their own examinations insteaD、 By relying on their own unique examinations, some private universities and colleges try to attract students with particular qualifications (资格)and interests. This is one of the ways that academic institutions try to establish themselves with distinction and strength in particular subjects and fields. As for a student, he or she can take more than one entrance examination to the universities of his or her choice. If there is no conflict of schedule, he can take several examinations. Some travel long distance to take examinations in various cities in Japan. In the months of January and February and into early part of March, many high school students travel across the country to take examinations of the schools they want to enter. But because there are far fewer places in the universities than the applicants, every year a large number of students cannot make it to the university. Those who could not get into the university of their first choice may end up going to the university of their second or third choice. But many others who spend an additional year or more trying again to gain admission to the school of their choice become ronins --- students who graduated from high school but have not been able to get into a university. (Note: Ronin is a term borrowed from pre-Meiji（明治时期）Japan. Ronins were those samurais（武士） who lost their masters for a number of reasons and had no master they could say they belonged to.) (332 words) 1. How do some private universities see the common national examination? 2. Why do many private universities do not ask students to take the common national examination but offer their own instead? 3. How do these universities see their own examinations? 4. Suppose a student has chosen three universities and there is no conflict of schedule, how many examinations does he/she have to take at least? 5. What does ronin mean today in Japan?