单选题 {{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

A Historical Development of Oil Refining

An important new industry, oil refining(炼油) ,grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum-a dark, thick ooze from the earth-had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's, Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages (油苗)and refining it into kerosene (煤油), Refining, like smelting(锻造), is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.
Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.
The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it" Drake's Folly". But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters) ,Drake struck oil; his well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.
News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors (探寻者)to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters (盲目采油者) were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.
Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one, it was sold in grocery stores and door to door. In the 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make other petroleum (石油) products such as waxes (石蜡) and lubricating oils (润滑油). Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.

单选题 What is the main idea of the passage?

单选题 It can be inferred from the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale oil was too______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查考生的逻辑推断能力。从第二段前三句话(Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil，which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene.)可以推断：煤油用来点灯。它是鲸油的一种廉价的替代物，因为鲸油那时已经难以寻到。因此可以推断，煤油比鲸油受宠是因为鲸油太贵，这与A项表述一致。所以，正确答案是A。

单选题 According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake by______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查考生把握细节的能力。考的是根据文章内容，找出人们起初认为德雷克错误的原因。从文章第三段第二、三句话(In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville，Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake's Folly”.)可知：德雷克的行为对于那些旁观者来说是多么不现实、愚蠢，被称之为“德雷克愚行”，这与选项C表述得一致。所以，正确答案是C。

单选题 The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oil EXCEPT______.

单选题 Why does the author mention the California gold rush?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查考生的语篇分析能力。考的是作者提到加利福尼亚淘金热的原因。从第四段二、三句话 (By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold” all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere.)可知：作者提到加利福尼亚淘金热，目的是说明石油勘探者们在19世纪60年代那种寻找“黑色金子”的氛围。这与C项表述一致。所以，正确答案是C。