单选题 {{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}

After the year 1958, a more modern Supreme Court agreed with Justice Helen. In a historic decision in 1954 it held that laws that forcing black students to go to racially segregated schools violated the US Constitution because such schools could never be equal. The opinion of the Court was that "to separate (black school children) from other--solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority- that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone".
The Supreme Court's decision in 1954 led to changes which brought an end to the system of segregated public education in the southern states. However, problems in race relations continued to trouble the public schools, even though schools were legally desegregated throughout the country.
Black Americans were still mainly in the lowest income and occupational groups and frequently lived in slums in the nation's largest cities. The public schools in these areas were composed predominantly or entirely of black students and often shared the neighborhood problems of high crime rates and other forms of social disorder. The schools in the black slums were clearly unequal to those in the predominantly white, middleclass neighborhoods.
The problem of schools where racial separation results from the makeup of neighborhoods rather than from laws requiring segregation exists in all parts of the United States, not just in the South. Numerous efforts to solve this problem have not succeeded very well. The most controversial method used to deal with unequal neighborhood schools was the busing of schoolchildren from their home neighborhoods to schools in more dist ant neighborhoods in order to achieve a greater mixture of black and white children in all schools.
Black children from poor or slum neighborhoods were bused to school in predominantly white middle class neighborhoods, and students living in the middle-class neighborhoods were bused into the poorer black neighborhood schools. A new question dealing with racial equality in education was brought to the Supreme Court in the late 1970s. The question dealt with the admission policies of professional schools such as medical and law schools, which are attached to many of the nation's colleges and universities. Some of these schools have attempted to do more than treat all applicants equally. Many have tried in recent years to make up for past discrimination against blacks and other minorities by setting aside a certain number of places specifically for applicants from these groups, this practice came to be described as setting minority quotas, lowering somewhat the academic standards for admission for a limited number of minority applicants.

单选题 From Paragraph 1, we can infer that Justice Helen advocated ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[定位] 由题干we can infer that Justice Helen advocated定位到原文第一段前两句After the year l958，amore modern Supreme Court agreed with Justice Helen...because such schools could never be equal． [精析] 推断题[考频：92]。第一段第一句指出，1958年之后最高法院同意了法官哈伦的看法。第二句淡到了最高法院的裁决，其核心内容是：强迫黑人学生去种族隔离学校上学是违背宪法的。该裁决的内容正体现了哈伦的观点。因此，哈伦倡导的内容是B)。 [避错] A)“黑人学生应去种族隔离学校”、C)“黑人学生不应该进入有白人同学的学校”和D)“黑人学生进入的学校几乎没什么区别”都与她的观点相反，故排除。

单选题 In 1954, the racially segregated school was gradually out of existence in ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[定位] 由题干school was gradually out of existence定位到原文第二段第一句The Supreme Court's decision in 1954 l ed to changes which brought an end to the system of segregated public education in the southern states． [精析] 推断题[考频：92]。题干问的是种族隔离学校在哪些地方逐渐消失了。从该句可知，最高法院1954年做出的裁决结束了南部地区的种族隔离的公共教育体制。很明显答案为A)。 [避错] B)America，后文中虽提到法律上已达到全国范围的取消学校种族隔离，但是在1954年之后，1954年只是南方开始逐渐取消；C)纽约在美国东北部；D)“北方”不符合文意。

单选题 In the United States, the black were ______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[定位] 由题干the black定位到原文第三段第一，二句Black Americans were still mainly in the lowest income and occupational groups and frequently lived in slums in the nation's largest cities...and often shared the neighbor hood problems of high crime rates and other forms of, social disorder。 [精析] 细节题[考频：34]。这两句谈到了黑人的状况：收入最低；居住于大城市的贫民窟；居住地区附近犯罪率高；不能和白人一样受平等待遇。根据这些状况，可以看出B)“主要住在犯罪率高的贫民窟”符合原文。 [避错] 原文并未说黑人社会地位最低，故排除A)；C)“在大城市过着安静和平的生活”和D)“与白人地位平等”的意思与原文相反，也可以排除。

单选题 Which of the following statements are correct according to the last sentence of Para.4?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[定位] 由题干according to the last sentence of Para．4定位于原文第四段最后一句The most controversial method used to deal with unequal neighborhood schools was the busing of schoolchildren from their home neighbor hoods to schools in more distant neighborhoods in order to achieve a greater mixture of black and white children in all schools． [精析] 细节题[考频：34]。由该句可知，the school busing plan是指用校车送孩子们上学，这样黑人和白人学生就可以混合在一起，以达到种族融合的目的。因此，D)符合题意。 [避错] 本题测试的是对第四段内容的理解。从第一句话可知，种族隔离学校的存在是因为居住地区的结构，而非法律因素，所以A)表述是错的；而B)是原文的片面理解；第二句话说许多解决这个问题(即学校内的种族歧视)的努力都没有获得成效，可知C)的表述也是错的。

单选题 Some of the professional schools______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[定位] 由题干professional schools定位到原文最后一段最后一句。 [精析] 细节题[考频：34]。文章最后一段谈到了一些专业学校制定一些政策以便尽量避免种族歧视。从最后一段最后一句Many have tried in recent years to make up for past discrimination against blacks and other minorities by setting aside a certain number of places specifically for applicants from these groups...可知，有些学校给黑人和少数民族学生专门留一定的名额，试图弥补过去对他们的歧视。B)和此句意思吻合，其中compensate for相当于make up for，而put aside和set aside同义。 [避错] A)表述与原文意思相反；C)表述和最后一句有细微的出入，原文是指“对少量少数民族的学生降低入学的学术标准”，而非对任何黑人和少数民族学生；D)选项意思与原文相反。