问答题 People who are especially talented in solving problems that concern an understanding of space are said to have visual-spatial intelligence, a superior visual sense. People with visual-spatial intelligence are able to perceive patterns. They will notice immediately when a building, painting, or face is not symmetrical. They can recognize objects, both when the objects are seen in their original setting and when some part of the original setting has changed. Their ability to perceive patterns enables them to draw whatever object they see, usually after seeing the object for only a short time.
Typically, visual-spatial intelligence involves several related capacities, such as the ability to create and transform mental imagery, the ability to mentally rotate complex forms and "see" objects from various angles, and the ability to draw a picture or map of spatial information. Visual-spatial skills are used when an individual works with graphic depictions--two-dimensional or three-dimensional versions of real-world scenes--as well as other symbols, such as maps, diagrams, or geometrical forms.
People with visual-spatial intelligence have a superior visual memory, or visual imagination, but this memory is abstract rather than pictorial--a kind of geometrical memory. A visual imagination involves the ability to predict and plan ahead. People with a visual imagination are skilled at understanding patterns, including patterns of mental reasoning, which enables them to predict actions and their consequences before these actions occur. For this reason, many people with visual-spatial intelligence love to play games.
Now listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin your response. You may look at the reading passage during the writing time.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they illustrate specific points made in the reading passage.

【正确答案】Key points: The lecture illustrates visual-spatial intelligence by explaining its importance in the game of chess. The lecture states that chess masters can draw a picture of a chessboard they have seen for just a few seconds if the pieces are set in meaningful positions. This illustrates the point in the reading that people with visual-spatial intelligence are able to perceive patterns and draw objects after seeing them for only a short time. The lecture states that a blindfolded chess player has to remember the movements of the chess pieces and hold a picture of the chessboard in his mind. This illustrates the point in the reading that people with visual-spatial intelligence have the ability to create and transform mental imagery. The lecture states that chess players remember plans, strategies, and patterns of reasoning of important games they have played. This illustrates the point in the reading that people with visual-spatial intelligence have superior visual memory and the ability to predict and plan ahead.

【答案解析】[解析] The importance of visual-spatial intelligence can be seen in the game of chess. First of all, chess masters have an amazing ability to draw a picture of a chessboard they've seen for just a few seconds--if the pieces on the board are set in meaningful positions, as they are in the middle of a real game. But if the chess pieces are randomly located, in no meaningful pattern, the chess master may not be able to reconstruct the board. Second, the chess player has to remember the movements of the chess pieces. In a form of chess called blindfold chess, a person plays several games at the same time. For example, a blindfolded chess player might be playing ten games against ten different opponents, going from table to table. His opponents can see the chessboard, but the blindfolded player can't. The blindfolded player's only information about the chessboard is from someone announcing his opponent's last move. He has to hold a picture of the chessboard in his mind. Furthermore, chess players have strong visual memories of important games they've played in the past. This memory isn't just simple recall. Rather, it's the ability to remember a game's patterns of reasoning. The chess player remembers plans and strategies--not just a rote list of moves. For most chess players, each game has its own character and shape. As the player recalls a given position, he remembers his reasoning at an earlier time. He remembers a specific move--not all by itself-- but as part of a strategy. He recalls why that move was necessary. Thus, he is able to predict what will happen next in the game. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they illustrate specific points made in the reading passage.