复合题 The concept of norms is important in two respects in linguistic approaches to translation. On the one hand, they are concerned with the linguistic norms of the two languages, i.e. how to produce utterances and texts that are correct according to the respective rules and norms. On the other hand, the relations and regularities between the two linguistic systems that were discovered on the basis of contrastive analyses were “translated” into guidelines or rules for the translator, mostly with prescriptive intent (cf. frequently encountered formulations such as “translators must not…, should…” etc.). Translation procedures and similar guidelines, however, were formulated in a rather general way and gave the impression that they are applicable throughout. A chosen target language form may well be correct according to the rules of the language system, but this does not necessarily mean that the text as a whole appropriately fulfils its communicative function in the target language situation and culture. Since we do not translate words or grammatical forms, but texts with a specific communicative function, the limitations of a narrow linguistic approach soon became obvious. Thus, a logical development was that in the 1970s, the insights and approaches of text-linguistics, a new (sub-) discipline of (applied) linguistics, were adopted in translation studies. Thus, regularities of the text itself, of the genre, and of the context were given more consideration.
单选题 The belief that to translate is to produce utterances and texts that are correct according to the respective rules and norms implies that _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由文中的they are concerned with the linguistic norms of the two languages可知, 语言是一个规范的系统, 故应选B。
单选题 The author’s attitude towards “prescriptive intent” (line 6) is _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】由文中的Translation procedures and similar guidelines, however, were formulated in a rather general way and gave the impression that they are applicable throughout可知, 翻译步骤和类似的指导方针是用一种相当普遍的方式来制定的, 人们认为它们在整个过程中都是适用的,故可知作者对prescriptive intent即指定性意图是持反对态度的。
单选题 The choosing of a target language form depends on _____.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】由文中的but this does not necessarily mean that the text as a whole appropriately fulfils its communicative function in the target language situation and culture可知, 目标语言形式的选择取决于它是否能满足源语言的语言形式, 故可推断出D为正确答案。
单选题 “A narrow linguistic approach” refers to _____.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】A narrow linguistic approach之前讲的都是language forms, 由此可推断出其指的是“仅仅只关注语言形式的翻译方法”, 故应选B。
单选题 The purpose of the passage is to show _____.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】由文章最后一句可知, 文本自身、 体裁以及上下文的规律得到了更多的重视, 故可推断出本篇文章的目的是想说明除语言规范之外的其他方面也很重要。