【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[听力原文]
M: And now, for the lighter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world, when it comes to food waste.
W: That"s right, John. This week the Italian government passed legislation that aimed to dramatically reduce the amount of food wasted in the country. New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need.
M: Yes. In addition to this, businesses would now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste.
W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste.
M: In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations.
W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United States, up to forty percent of all food goes uneaten, despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food. One major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government.
M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from Harvard University"s Food Law and Policy Clinic for more on the story. And now, let"s welcome Prof. Edward Becker to speak to us.

Q: What does the women say about the new laws in Italy?

[解析] 听前预测：
1．四项均以they开头，推测该题考查内容可能与they的行为有关。
2．四项提到的内容均与解决食品浪费问题的办法有关。
结论：该题可能考查they对食品浪费问题的解决办法。听录音时要注意听清they的指代对象，然后结合选项做出判断。
对话中女士提到：“新法律已经付诸实施，使得农场和超市更容易将他们卖剩的食物捐给那些需要帮助的人。”因此C项与对话内容相符，为正确答案。男士提到：“成功减少食物浪费的企业现在会获得奖励”，而不是“奖励消除食物浪费的企业”，A项与对话内容不符，故排除；B项和D项对话中未提到，因此排除。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[听力原文]
Q: What did the European Parliament do to reduce food waste?

[解析] 听前预测：
1．四项均以it开头，内容均与it实行的措施相关。
2．四项内容在某种程度上都可看作是食品浪费问题的解决办法。
结论：该题可能考查it对于食品浪费问题的具体行为。听录音时首先要明确it的指代对象，然后结合选项做出判断。
对话中女士提到：“就在今年早些时候，欧盟议会投票通过了一项法规，该法规将阻止食品巨头的不公平贸易行为导致生产过剩，从而造成浪费。”B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中男士提到：“在法国，政府已经禁止超市丢弃可食用的食品，并对不遵守规定的企业实施严厉处罚。”A项是法国的举措，不符合题干要求。C项和D项对话中未提及，故排除。

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[听力原文]
Q: What has the French government done recently?

[解析] 听前预测：
1．四项均以it开头，且描述的都是it已经做过的事情，本题可能是以what开头提问。
2．三项提到的内容与如何解决食物过剩的问题相关。
结论：该题可能以what开头提问，考查的内容可能与解决食物过剩问题的举措相关。听录音时首先要明确it的指代对象，然后留意与选项内容相关的语句。
对话中男士提到：“在法国，政府已经禁止超市丢弃可食用的食品，并对不遵守规定的企业实施严厉处罚。”因此D项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。根据这句话也可排除选项B，因为法国是对随便丢弃可食用食品的企业进行处罚，而不是对那些食品生产过剩的企业进行处罚。其他两项对话中未提及，故排除。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文]
Q: What is the major cause of food waste in the United States?

[解析] 听前预测：
1．四项均是名词短语，本题可能是以what开头提问。
2．三项提到的内容在某种程度上都与食品浪费的原因相关(confusion over food expiration labels, overproduction, lack of regulation)，一项与美国人的购买习惯相关。
结论：该题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与食品浪费的原因相关。听录音时需留意与各选项关键信息相关的语句。
对话中女士提到：“在美国，多达40%的食物被浪费，尽管有七分之一的美国家庭不能定期获取新鲜的食物。造成这个问题的一个主要原因是食品过期标签的混乱，而这些标签目前还未得到政府的监管。”A项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中女士提到：“欧盟议会投票通过了一项法规，该法规将阻止食品巨头的不公平贸易行为导致生产过剩，从而造成浪费。”但这不是说过度生产导致的食品过剩是美国食品浪费的主要原因，故排除选项B。C项并不是美国食品浪费的原因，而是美国人的消费习惯，故排除。根据对话内容可知，是“食品过期标签未得到政府的监管”，而不是“缺乏对食品消费的管制”，因此D项错误。