阅读理解
Using Facebook makes people sadder, at least according to some research. Bur just what is it about the social network that takes a hit on our mood? A study of the different ways of interacting with the site now offers an answer: Grazing on the content of other people's idealized lives may make reality painful.
Scientists have long debated Facebook's impact on users' in-the-moment mood. Some studies have found that the site makes us happier; others, sadder.
One of the problems is that most studies were cross-sectional, taking a snapshot of people at one point of time. But that makes it difficult to separate our use of Facebook from the many other factors known to affect well-being, from overwork to romantic meltdowns. A 2013 study led by Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, sidestepped this problem by studying people's use of Facebook over time, surveying them about their well-being five times per day for 2 weeks. The conclusion was that the more you use Facebook, the sadder you get.
That study generated an enormous amount of attention. But the results offered no clue to what it is about the social network, or how people are using it, that might have this negative effect.
Since then, a collaboration of labs including Kross's has tried to tease apart the mechanisms. After all, interaction with Facebook consists of a whole set of activities, from browsing photos and "liking" websites to directly interacting with others through messages and comments.
Last week, Kross shared a sneak preview of his team's results. Their findings suggest that there is no effect on well-being if one "actively" uses Facebook. When subjects directly interacted with the social network by posting status updates, sharing content, and messaging others, their mood stayed the same over the course of a day. But the negative impact on well-being that Kross discovered in his 2013 study reappeared for individuals who were made to "passively" use the site—just browsing through photographs of other people's happy moments, reading people's conversations, and not contributing anything.
"Using Facebook is not bad for well-being per se," Kross concluded, but "grazing" its content is. Possible reasons for this were bounced around by the audience of psychologists. For example, one theory holds that people post idealized versions of themselves on Facebook, and comparing those to your own real-world life is toxic if you don't take part in the online theater.
Scientists have long debated Facebook's impact on users' in-the-moment mood. Some studies have found that the site makes us happier; others, sadder.
One of the problems is that most studies were cross-sectional, taking a snapshot of people at one point of time. But that makes it difficult to separate our use of Facebook from the many other factors known to affect well-being, from overwork to romantic meltdowns. A 2013 study led by Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, sidestepped this problem by studying people's use of Facebook over time, surveying them about their well-being five times per day for 2 weeks. The conclusion was that the more you use Facebook, the sadder you get.
That study generated an enormous amount of attention. But the results offered no clue to what it is about the social network, or how people are using it, that might have this negative effect.
Since then, a collaboration of labs including Kross's has tried to tease apart the mechanisms. After all, interaction with Facebook consists of a whole set of activities, from browsing photos and "liking" websites to directly interacting with others through messages and comments.
Last week, Kross shared a sneak preview of his team's results. Their findings suggest that there is no effect on well-being if one "actively" uses Facebook. When subjects directly interacted with the social network by posting status updates, sharing content, and messaging others, their mood stayed the same over the course of a day. But the negative impact on well-being that Kross discovered in his 2013 study reappeared for individuals who were made to "passively" use the site—just browsing through photographs of other people's happy moments, reading people's conversations, and not contributing anything.
"Using Facebook is not bad for well-being per se," Kross concluded, but "grazing" its content is. Possible reasons for this were bounced around by the audience of psychologists. For example, one theory holds that people post idealized versions of themselves on Facebook, and comparing those to your own real-world life is toxic if you don't take part in the online theater.
单选题
16.The word "Grazing" (Para.1) most probably means______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。最后一句“Grazing他人理想化的生活会让你对现实感到痛苦”，考生可以结合文章主旨判断出Grazing有“过度关注”的意思。考生也可以先答其他题目，然后再做这道题。这样会发现文章最后一段也出现了grazing这个词，即通过实验得出一个结论：使用社交网络本身并不会对幸福生活产生不良影响，但grazing其中的内容却会造成负面影响。因此可以判断出graze有“过度关注”的意思，浏览选项发现只有B项digesting“消化；吸收，领悟”可引申为“过度关注”，符合文意，因此为正确答案。
单选题
17.What does the phrase "this problem" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。倒数第二句中出现了this problem这个短语。本段第一句为One of the problems is that most studies were cross-sectional，taking a snapshot of people at one point of time，指出了problem是什么。But that makes it difficult…则是problem引起的结果。接下来即以A 2013 study led by Ethan Kross为例说明这个实验也忽视了上文提到的problem，因此可知this problem是指第一句的内容，A项“大部分实验都是典型性的，不具有一般性”为正确答案，typical相当于原文的cross-sectional。
单选题
18.Ethan Kross's 2013 study failed to find______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三、四段。第三段最后一句提到了实验结果。第四段But the results offered no clue to what it is about the social network，or how people are using it，that might have this negative effect．则提到了实验的缺陷，即研究结果并没有指出究竟是社交网络的哪一方面，或者人们怎样使用社交网络会带来消极影响。因此C项为正确答案。
单选题
19.It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】推断题。根据题干关键词定位到最后两段。根据倒数第二段的最后一句话可知，C项与其含义一致。因此C项“只有人们过度关注其中的内容时，使用脸谱网才对幸福生活有坏处”为正确答案。
单选题
20.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the text?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】主旨题。本题考查文章主旨。文章第一段点题，指出在社交网络中过度关注他人理想化的生活会让你对现实感到痛苦。第二段至第六段介绍了相关实验，最后一段表明实验结果：使用社交网络本身并不会使人忧伤，而是过度关注他人发表在网上的理想化生活状态才会使人对现实感到痛苦。首尾呼应，因此D项“脸谱网是否会使人感到悲伤取决于你如何使用它”恰当地概述了文章的主题，为正确答案。