填空题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 11 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently 12 for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 13 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 14 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 15 to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 16 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 17 lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also 18 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family pattern. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be a(n) 19 on juvenile crime rates.
Other 20 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, although a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A．centering B．penalized C．sensitive D．response
E．influence F．ignoring G．turn H．structure
I．system J．affect K．identifiable L．available
M．experienced N．relying O．subject