单选题 If you're one of those people who tends to put on weight around your middle, what doctors call an 'apple shape'—what the rest of us call a beer belly—you've probably been told that you're at higher risk of heart disease. But one large new review study suggests you shouldn't be too 25 after all.
It turns out that the apple-shaped among us are not at any higher risk of heart trouble as people with pear shapes or any other kind of fat 26 . In the latest study, researchers at the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration in the UK reviewed records of more than 220000 participants in 58 different trials that followed 27 for more than 10 years for heart-related events. They found that body shape, or fat distribution, did not seem to affect heart disease risk.
In fact, the researchers write in the journal Lancet, various measures of obesity, including body mass index (or BMI, a combined measure of height and weight), waist circumference (周长) and waist-to-hip ratio, all had about the same 28 value in identifying increased risk of a heart attack. What's more, 29 to the forecasting power of known risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and a history of diabetes, the obesity measures added very little to the 30 of risk assessment.
Previous studies had focused not just on overweight, but on the type and 31 of fat deposits as a red flag for heart disease. The thinking was that even without blood tests for cholesterol or blood pressure, body shape alone could alert doctors and patients to the fact that patients might be at higher risk of heart problems. One headline-grabbing survey reported a three-fold 32 risk in heart disease among those with abdominal fat—folks with apple-shaped bodies—and speculated that visceral (内脏的) fat, which tends to 33 around the middle, is particularly hazardous for the heart, since it nestles deep within organs and can pump out hormones that 34 insulin (胰岛素) sensitivity and promote diabetes.
A. accumulate
B. accuracy
C. alter
D. compared
E. conflicted
F. decreased
G. discouraged
H. distinguished
I. distribution
J. diversion
K. elevating
L. increased
M. location
N. predictive
O. volunteers

问答题

【正确答案】G

【答案解析】形容词辨析题。根据句子结构和空格前的shouldn't be too可知，空格处应填一个形容词。本段第一句指出，“苹果体形”的人被认为患心脏病的风险更高；空格所在句的句首用But表示转折，表明“苹果体形”的人不必太失望或沮丧。因此，discouraged“灰心的，丧气的”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】I

【答案解析】名词辨析题。根据句子结构，of fat ______应作kind的后置定语，因此空格处应填一个名词。根据句意，本句比较了“苹果体形”的人和其他体形的人患心脏病的风险，指出“苹果体形”的人患心脏病的概率并不比具有“鸭梨体形”的人或具有其他脂肪______类型的人要高。所谓“苹果体形”或“鸭梨体形”，都是指脂肪分布的类型，故distribution“分布”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】O

【答案解析】名词辨析题。根据句子结构，空格所填词应作动词followed的宾语，因此此处应填入一个名词。根据句意，本句前半部分介绍研究者检查了记录，后半句介绍这些记录来自58个不同的试验，这些试验在十多年的时间里追踪______心脏方面的疾病。结合备选名词，可知volunteers“志愿者”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】形容词辨析题。空格前为形容词same，空格后是名词value，故空格处较有可能填入形容词，与same一起修饰value。本段提到了身高体重指数、腰围等不同的肥胖衡量标准对识别心脏病风险的作用。根据常识，它们可以预测心脏病的发生率，故predictive“预测的”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】固定搭配题。根据句意，空格所在句将肥胖衡量标准与其他已知健康风险因素，如高胆固醇、高血压等相比较，compared与空格后的to构成固定搭配，表示“比较”，符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，of risk assessment应作空格所填词的后置定语，因此空格处应填一个名词。此处句意为：和高胆固醇、高血压和糖尿病史相比，肥胖衡量标准并不能提高心脏病风险评估的______。结合备选名词可知，accuracy“准确性”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】M

【答案解析】名词辨析题。根据句子结构，空格所填词应与type并列，并能被后面的of fat deposits修饰，因此空格处应填一个名词。根据句意，先前的研究不仅关注肥胖问题，而且关注脂肪沉积的类型和______，以此作为心脏病的警示信号。结合备选名词可知，location“地点，位置”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】L

【答案解析】形容词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格处较有可能填一个形容词修饰risk。结合上一句可知，本句要表达的意思为：腹部堆积脂肪的人患心脏病的风险增加三倍。因此，备选形容词中，increased“增加的”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】动词辨析题。空格前为不定式符号to，后为介词around，故空格处应填动词原形，且能与around搭配。空格所在分句是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的visceral fat进行解释说明，指出其具体位置，此处句意为：内脏脂肪往往在腹部______。结合备选动词可知，accumulate“堆积”符合题意。

问答题

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，______ insulin sensitivity应与promote diabetes并列，因此空格处应填动词原形。空格所在分句是由that引导的定语从句，对其前的hormones进行解释说明，且空格所填动词应能与其后的sensitivity构成动宾关系，故备选动词中，只有alter“改变”符合题意。