【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 文章最后一段说 ... the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy，that引导的是claim的同位语从句，即从句内容就是人类学家的观点，故答案选[B]。[A]和[C]均与文章意思不符。[D]与文章最后一句中的without ideas of rank or hierarchy意思矛盾。