单选题
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is (1) to say it anyway. He is that (2) bird, a scientist who works independently (3) any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not (4) thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. (5) he, however, might tremble at the (6) of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only (7) that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in (8) are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, (9) 12-15 points above the (10) value of 100, and have contributed (11) to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the (12) of their elites, including several world renowned scientists, (13) . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, (14) , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been (15) to social effects, such as a strong tradition of (16) education. The latter was seen as a (an) (17) of genetic isolation. Dr. Coehran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately (18) . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has (19) them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this (20) state of affairs.
单选题
A. selected B. prepared C. obliged D. pleased
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 语义衔接题 [解析] 本题目选择动词过去分词形式，构成be...to的结构，在句子中充当谓语。选项A．selected选择；B．prepared准备；C．obliged迫使，责成；D．pleased高兴。前边相邻句子The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. “一些人比另一些人聪明，这一观点一直是人们不敢明确提出来的假设之一。”本题所在句子由But一词引导，在句义上与前一句相反，即“打算或准备说了”，故选B。
【答案解析】[考点] 惯用衔接题 [解析] Independently其后应搭配of，意为“独立于，不依赖于”。还应注意dependent后面还可搭配on，但意为“依赖于，依靠于”。He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. “他就是那个稀有之人，是一位不依赖于任何机构的独立的科学家。”
单选题
A. subsequently B. presently C. previously D. lately
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 语义衔接题 [解析] 本题目选择副词，在句子中充当状语。句子叙述到He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not ______ thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. “他普及了这种观点，即某些以前人们认为不是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是传染病，这一观点一经提出就引起了极大的争议。”分析本句结构可以看出：that引导的是同位语从句，说明idea的内容，从句中some diseases not ______ thought to have a bacterial cause是主语部分，谓语是were actually infections，而后面which引导的非限制定语从句是修饰the idea这个名词的。解本题的关键词是actually“实际上”，隐含转折之意，即过去的看法和实际情况不同。选项A．subsequently随后；B．presently当前；C．previously先前；D．1ately近来，最近。为了与本句子中的“actually，实际上”相互呼应，要体现时间上的先后交替关系。因此，正确答案为C。
【答案解析】[考点] 语义衔接/固定搭配题 [解析] At和4个选项中的名词都可搭配，但意思相去甚远。选项A．at the thought of一想到……；B．at the sight of一看到……；C．at the cost of以……为代价；D．at the risk of冒……的风险。根据句意，正确答案为A。
【答案解析】[考点] 词汇辨析题 [解析] 本题目选择形容同，在句子中充当定语，修饰后面的名同，scoring 12-15 points above the ______ value of 100，“这个群体在智商测试中成绩最好，比100分的……分多得12～15分。”选项A．normal正常的；B．common普通的；共同的；C．mean平均的；D．total总共的。一般来说，average表示“平均的”较常用，mean表达这个意义时比较正式。100分是个参照值，这个数字是大多数人的基本智商数值。因此，正确答案为C。
单选题
A. unconsciously B. disproportionately C. indefinitely D. unaccountably
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 语义衔接题 [解析] 本题目选择副词，在句子中充当状语。This group generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of the West，“这个群体在智商测试中成绩很好，比100分的平均分多得12～15分。这个群体为西方的学术和文化做出的贡献是……”，选项B．disproportionately不成比例地；不相称地，比例太大(或太小的)，与题意相符合。选项A．unconsciously无意识地；C．indefinitely不确定地；D．unaccountably不能说明的，不可理解的。这三项都不符合题意。
单选题
A. missions B. fortunes C. interests D. career
单选题
A. moreover B. therefore C. however D. meanwhile
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 逻辑衔接题 [解析] 本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后两个句子的逻辑关系。They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, ______, have previously been thought unrelated. “此外，与多数人相比，他们更容易患一些恶性的遗传病，例如乳腺癌……人们以前认为这些情况是没有关联的。”选项A．moreover此外，而且；B．therefore因此；C．however然而，但是；D．meanwhile同时。前后两个句子表现出转折关系。因此，正确答案为C。
单选题
A. given up B. got over C. carried on D. put down
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[考点] 词汇辨析/语义衔接题 [解析] 本题目选择动词短语，在句子中充当谓语。选项A．(be)given up(to)让与……；B．get over克服(不与to连用)；C．carry on继续(不与to连用)；D．(be)put down(to)归因于。选项D．be put down to归因于，句意为“智商归因于社会影响”，符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为D。
单选题
A. assessing B. supervising C. administering D. valuing
单选题
A. development B. origin C. consequence D. instrument
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 语义衔接题 [解析] 本题目选择名词，构成as...of的结构。The latter was seen as a(an) ______ of genetic isolation. “后者被视为遗传隔离的……”选项A．development发展；B．origin起源；C．consequence结果；D．instrument工具，器皿。此处与第15题形成“对应结构”，前后呼应，“前者归因于社会影响，例如重视教育的优良传统”，“后者被认为是遗传隔离的结果”。因此，正确答案为C。
单选题
A. limited B. subjected C. converted D. directed
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 语义衔接/固定搭配题 [解析] 本题目选择动词，在句子中构成固定搭配，充当谓语。His argument is that the unusual history of these people has ______ them to unique evolutionary pressures. “他的观点是，这些人非同寻常的经历使其更容易遭受独特的进化压力。”选项A．limited(to)局限于，限制(只能构成be limited to短语，被限制在……)；B．subjected(to)使遭受(经受)，屈服(subject...to... 使……屈服于……)；C．converted(to)转变为，改变；D．directed(to)指向，导向。选项B符合题意。
单选题
A. paradoxical B. incompatible C. inevitable D. continuous
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[考点] 词汇辨析/语义衔接题 [解析] His argument is that the unusual history of these people has ______ them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this ______ state of affairs. “他的观点是，这些人非同寻常的经历使其更容易遭受独特的进化压力，而这些压力导致了这种似乎矛盾的状况。”本文一方面说，这类人贡献很大；但另一方面他们经受的独特的进化压力使他们更容易患上恶性疾病，看似矛盾，令人困惑，故A项正确。