阅读理解
America doesn't have a worker shortage; it has a work shortage. The unemployment rate is at a 15-year low, but only 55% of American adults 18 to 64 have fulltime jobs. Nearly 95 million people have removed themselves entirely from the job market. According to demographer Nicholas Eberstadt, the labor-force participation rate for men ages 25 to 54 is lower now than it was at the end of the Great Depression. The welfare state is largely to blame. More than 20% of American men of prime working age are on Medicaid. According to the Census Bureau, nearly 60% of nonworking men receive federal disability benefits. The good news is that the 1996 welfare reform taught us how to reduce government dependency and get idle Americans back to work. Attaching work requirements to social benefits like Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income would make what these pages have called 'America's growing labor shortage' a nonissue. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, 41% of nondisabled adults on Medicaid don't have jobs. Thirteen million Americans ages 18 to 54 currently receive SSDI or SSI benefits. Conservatively, work requirements could add 25% of that population (3.3 million workers) back to the labor force. Work requirements for people on food stamps would increase the worker rolls by 1.9 million if only 10% who aren't engaged in work rejoined. There's no question that insisting on work in exchange for social benefits would succeed in reducing dependency. We have the data: Within 10 years of the 1996 reform, the number of Americans in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program fell 60%. But no reform is permanent. Under President Obama, federal poverty programs ballooned. A better long-term solution to the work shortage would be to eliminate all forms of public support except for those who are unable to work, and eliminate all poverty programs, since they haven't reduced poverty since they were established in 1965. The money being spent on these programs should be redirected to job creation—preferably for private-sector jobs, but public-sector jobs will do in a pinch. A trillion-dollar federal infrastructure program, such as the one President Trump has said he will propose, could absorb a large number of the unemployed and underemployed. There are other avenues to pursue. For young men who aren't working, a mandatory two-year public-service requirement with an off-ramp for those who snag a job could motivate them to get off—and stay off—the couch. Too many Americans who could be available to help fuel robust economic growth are instead sitting on the sidelines. It's time to get them in the game. It's time to solve the work shortage.
单选题
The reason why many American men of working age don't choose to work is that ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】具体信息题。 题源揭示:本文源于2017年7月的Wall Street Journal(《华尔街日报》)。原文标题为How to Get Americans off the Couch(《如何让美国人远离沙发》)。 文章大意:本文讨论了如何使美国人摆脱对社会福利的依赖,并积极投入工作与就业。美国没有工人短缺,却有职位短缺。美国的失业率处于15年来的最低点,但许多适龄男性却不工作,依靠国家提供的各种社会福利生活。文章提出了几种改变现状的方法,如:将职位需求与社会福利结合起来,取消各种形式的政府支持和提供更多的就业机会等。 篇章结构: 题目问许多美国适龄男子选择不工作的原因是______。选项B“政府为他们提供太多的帮助”符合原文第一段第五句的说法“国家的福利制度应该承担主要责任”。另外第一段还通过具体百分比数据指出,美国有超过20%的处于黄金工作年龄的男性都在享受医疗补助。根据人口普查局的数据,将近60%的没有工作的男性享受联邦伤残津贴,即政府给无业人员太多帮扶导致他们不去工作。 选项A“就业市场缺少劳动力”,第一段第一句话就指出,在美国,劳动力并不短缺,而是从业人员短缺。即美国不缺少劳动力,故排除此项。选项C“现今的经济并没有衰退”,原文中没有提及相关信息。选项D“他们有足够的钱来养活自己”,原文也无相关表述。 [参考译文] 在美国,劳动力并不短缺,而是从业人员短缺。美国的失业率处于15年来的最低点,但18到64岁的美国成年人中只有55%的人有全职工作。近9500万人完全脱离了就业市场。据人口统计学家尼古拉斯·埃伯施塔特说,现在25岁至54岁的男性劳动力就业率比大萧条晚期的劳动力就业率要低。国家的福利制度应该承担主要责任。美国有超过20%的处于黄金工作年龄的男性都在享受医疗补助。根据人口普查局的数据,将近60%的没有工作的男性享受联邦伤残津贴。 好消息是,1996年的福利改革教会了我们如何减少对政府的依赖,让无所事事的美国人重返工作岗位。将要求就业与医疗补助、食品券、社会保障残疾保险和生活补助金等社会福利结合起来,将使这些报道中所称的“美国日益严重的劳动力短缺”的问题无从谈起。根据凯萨家庭基金会的数据,41%的享受医疗补助的非残疾成年人没有工作。目前有1300万18到54岁的美国人享受社会保障残疾保险或生活补助金。 保守地说,要求就业可以使无业者中25%的人(330万工人)回到劳动力市场。要求领取食品救济券的人们就业,只要10%的没有参加工作的人重新回来工作,工人的数量就会增加190万人。毫无疑问,坚持以工作换取社会福利将成功减少依赖性。我们得到的数据称:在1996年改革持续的10年里,接受贫困家庭临时救助计划的美国人减少了60%。但任何改革都不会一劳永逸。在奥巴马总统的领导下,联邦扶贫项目迅速增加。 一个更好的长期解决从业人员短缺的办法是除了为无法工作的人提供公众支持外,消除所有形式的公众支持,并消除所有的扶贫项目,因为自1965年建立这些扶贫项目以来,贫困现象并未减少。花费在这些项目上的钱应该被重新用在提供就业机会上——最好提供私营部门的工作,但是在必要的时候提供公共部门的工作也可以,比如特朗普总统提议将建立一个万亿美元的联邦基础设施项目,这一项目可以吸收大量失业和未充分就业的人。 我们还可以寻求其他途径。对于那些不工作的年轻人来说,提出一项为期两年的强制性公共服务要求(找到工作的人员可以退出),可以激励他们远离沙发。有太多的美国人本可以帮助促进经济强有力地增长,但却在袖手旁观。是时候让他们参与进来了,是时候解决从业人员短缺的问题了。
单选题
Which of the following is true of the 1996 welfare reform? ______