翻译题
The growth of the use of English as the world's primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. 46 But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. 47 His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, 48 many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other languages such as Japanese, French and German, spreads. 49 The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK's providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly ￡1. 3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exports earn up to ￡10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the numbers of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant: 50 It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.
问答题
【正确答案】尽管说英语的人数在不断增加，但仍有迹象表明英语的全球主导地位会在不久的将来慢慢衰退。
【答案解析】本句由even as引导的让步状语从句、there are引导的主句，以及that引导的定语从句构成。按照汉语习惯，翻译时应将长句子断为两个较短的分句，并将让步状语从句作为第一个分句。句中的expands修饰“人数”，故应译为“增加”；fade形容英语的主导地位，故应译为“慢慢衰退”；within the foreseeable future是固定表达，可根据语境译为“在不久的将来”。
【答案解析】本句是简单句，修饰成分较多，稍有些复杂，The changes是主语，identified by David Graddol是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰changes，identified可以理解为“指出”，present是谓语动词，是“体现，呈现”的意思，此处译为“带来”，clear and major challenges是宾语，to UK's providers of English language teaching是介词短语做后置定语修饰challenges。providers of English language teaching to...按照汉语习惯译为“机构……提供英语教育”，broader education business sectors译为“更广泛的教育行业”。
【答案解析】主句是主谓宾加状语结构，it是指代前文的study，basis应该理解为“依据”，which引导定语从句修饰organizations，翻译时可以采用前置法，定语从句中which做主语，seek to promote是谓语动词，the learning and use of English是宾语，a basis是前面主句宾语basis的同位语，for planning to meet the possibilities介词短语做后置定语修饰basis，of what could be a very different operating environment介词短语做后置定语修饰possibilities。meet the possibilities译为“满足可能性”；operating environment译为“运行环境”。