单选题 {{B}}Text 4{{/B}}
A recent article in The New York Times noted that Hollywood types now are wearing flip-flops(拖鞋)-- shoes appropriate for beachcombers--to business meetings. Decades ago, Californians were forgiven their sloppy attire as unique to their somewhat {{U}}frivolous{{/U}} culture.
Elsewhere during that bygone era, people were careful how they dressed when seen in public and certainly when going to the office. No one would think of traveling by plane in shorts or wearing anything but their best clothes for attending a church service, concert, wedding, or funeral. Look at old newsreels of baseball games and you will see most of the men in a shirt and tie.
Walk through an airport today and you have to strain to find a man wearing a jacket (forget the shirt and tie) or a woman in a nice shirt. If so, they clearly are over 60. The standard for dressing down continues to decline. Neckties and suits no longer are fashionable; male models think it cool to have a face full of stubble(胡子茬). A rock star slouches onto the stage in his undershirt. Think about it: Dean Martin never failed to appear in Las Vegas in anything but his tux, and Frank Sinatra always was dressed to the nines when seen in public. That was the standard. Dress reflects many things about us and our culture. It tells us about standards, deportment, pride, and character.
Somewhere along the way, our elites lost their self-confidence. Codes of dress fell by the wayside and, with them, standards of language and behavior. In a world stable and peaceful with no enemies lurking in the shadows to do us unspeakable harm, why would it matter what standards of courtesy we follow? Life would go on as it is. Sadly, this is not a relaxed era such as the 1990s. It matters now what kind of the society we are. We must recapture the seriousness of a generation that won World War II and persevered through the Cold War. We may be involved in a struggle even more lengthy, deadly, and demanding than the Cold War. The watchwords must be sacrifice, vigilance, and determination. A sloppy, self-indulgent culture will not produce an effective effort against an enemy as fanatical as the Japanese Kamikaze(日本神风敢死队) pilots.
Our seriousness in World War II and the early Cold War reflected the qualities of a generation of American leaders, embodying the virtues of public spiritedness, selflessness, courage, and integrity. These leaders were human and made mistakes, but they set the tone for an entire era. Their tough-minded policies and dignified appearance reflected their character. That is why it matters how we present ourselves in public. For in a time as serious as theirs-- and ours-- it is character that eventually will triumph.
单选题 The underlined word "frivolous" (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题为语义理解题。从第1段最后一句话“几十年前,由于加利福尼亚州人独特的frivolous文化,人们不批评他们随意的着装。”第2段第一句话“那个年代,在别的地方,人们在公共场所都穿着讲究,更不用说在办公室里面了。”我们可以肯定“frivolous”在这里一定“not sensible”,即不合理,不实阮playful也是“not serious”。但和“神秘”,“浪漫”和“易变”没有任何关系。所以排除A、C、D。
单选题 When you go to the airport today, you will ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题为细节理解题。第3段开头说“当你现在穿行在机场时,很难看见有人穿着西服(不算穿衬衫打领带)或职业女装。就是有,你看见的也一定是60岁以上的老人。领带和西装已经过时了:男模认为满脸胡茬有魅力;摇滚歌星穿着背心垂头弯腰的在舞台上表演。”这样A项正确,其他3项与文意相反。
单选题 According to the author, we should follow the standard of decorum of ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题为细节理解题。文章倒数第2段中间作者发问:“为什么我们追求什么样的礼仪标准重要呢?让生活顺其自然吧!”紧接着话锋一转:“很可惜现在不是……我们必须……”。作者建议我们要奉献、警惕以及果断等等,因此我们排除B“轻佻随意”,C和D都只对了一半,应排除。
单选题 Which of the following is the author's attitude towards a sloppy and indulgent culture?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题为观点态度题。综观全文的态度,从第3段提出以迪安和弗兰克考究的穿着为标准,到最后两段提倡的严肃认真的态度,表明作者对“不注重外表整洁以及不强调严肃认真这种文化’’持坚决反对的态度。
单选题 From the text we can conclude that the author ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题为推理判断题。文章以人们对待着装的态度开篇并展开论述,结尾点题“我们要找回赢得二战……那一代人的严肃认真……反映了美国领导人的品质……坚定的政策和整洁的外表反映了他们的性格……不论是那个年代还是当今社会,最终决定胜利的是民族的性格。”所以作者既不是“讨论礼仪标准”,不是“强调穿着考究的重要性”,也不是“建议如何做到无私奉献和勤俭节约”,而是“提倡严肃认真的性格特征”。