阅读理解
Let''s now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (被诋毁的)type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are considered separately, since they are the rarest, most fascinating, and most important of the species scientists. Their motivational system most often is that of the Player, although occasionally it is that of the Operator.
Although theorists are often viewed as cold. rational, deliberate machine, they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture. They are usually individuals of strong feelings who have the ego of actors and an irrational, almost mysterious attachment to particular views of their discipline. The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face. which often represents only their contempt for contact with the spectators.
There are important occupational differences between theorists and other scientists. Theo risks set the framework within which others do their research. Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of existing theories. Non-theorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function. Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status quo (现状).
What is the general personality makeup of theorists? Are they normal, neurotic (神经病的), or even psychotic (患精神病的)? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class formality, and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality. Perhaps they don''t fit any of the usual category. George Bernard Shaw once said, "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man." Perhaps his message was to tolerate the objectors, the eccentrics, and in general those who disagree with what we know is right so long as they don''t become too violent. Tolerate them. not out of any sense of humanity but for foolish self-inter est. A few of them arc innovators, and society needs them infinitely more than they need society. In reviewing all the groups of scientists and science-trained individuals we have encountered, we find a range of individuals spread over the whole spectrum of human behavior but with some important common characteristics. Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children. They are not foggily (模糊的) absent-minded or unrealistic; rather, many of the things they consider important and real are often quite different from those of the "everyday" world.
单选题
It is implied in the passage that a theorist pursues science ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句，理论家的动机更多的是出于玩耍(Their motivational system most often is that of the Player)，可推断出[D]。其他三个选项不符文意。
单选题
It is generally thought that a theorist in science is an individual who ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】事实细节题。根据第二段首句，人们经常认为理论家冷酷而理智(theorists are often viewed as cold，rational)，[C]项符合原文内容。考生需要注意，题目寻问的是大众对理论家的看法，而不是他们真实的面貌。
单选题
According to this passage, non-theorists in science ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】事实细节题。第三段讲述了理论家与其他科学家的不同点，理论家建构框架，其他科学家在框架中工作(Theorists set the framework within which others do their research．)，故选择[C]项。[A]项与文意不符；[B]和[D]符合理论家的特点，而不是非理论家的特点。
【答案解析】推理判断题。第一段第二句说明了人们把理论家与其他科学家区分开来的原因，因为他们是最罕见、最令人着迷和最重要的科学家(Theorists are considered separately，since they are the rarest，most fascinating，and most important of the species scientists．)，[B]项与原文内容一致，故为答案。第二段最后一句，理论家轻视与观众的接触(only their contempt for contact with the spectators)，[A]项中的public speculation(大众期望)是对spectators的误解；[C]项中obsessed with their research(沉迷于研究)与原文中的 irrational…attachment to particular views(不理智地执著于某些观点)有出入；[D]是作者对George Bernard Shaw观点的解释，不代表作者自己的观点。