填空题
Traditionally, the American farmer has always been independent and
hard-working. In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient.
The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. The surplus crop
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would be sold to buy a few items in the local general store.
In 1860, because some of the farm population had moved to the city,
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yet eighty percent of the American population was still in the country. In
the late nineteen century, farm work and life were not much changed
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from that they had been in the old days. The farmer arose at dawn or
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before and had much work to do, with his own muscles like his chief
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source of power. He used axes, spades and other complicated tools.
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In his house cooking was done in wood-burning stoves, and the
kerosene lamp was the only improvement on the candle. The family"s
recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the wagon to the
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nearby small town or village to transact some business as well as to
chat with neighbors who had also come to town. The children attended
a small elementary school (often of just one room) to that they had to
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walk every day, possibly for a few miles. The school term was short so
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that the children could not help on the farm.
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Although the whole family worked, and life was not easy, farmers as a
class were self-reliant and independent.