单选题 The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.
The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance the opportunities of black-mailers. While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.
Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply diverts attention from the real dangers. Computer data banks can and must be given the highest degree of protection from abuse. But we must be careful, also, that we do not employ such crude methods or protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its own social processes and to analyse its problems.
Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has done and will do to man's view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty, but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as "machines".
What the computer and the progress in artificial intelligence challenge is an ethic that rests on man's apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by natural law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man's thinking is, in considerable part, a confrontation of these two views of man's place in the universe.

单选题 Why is it important to prevent the abuse of computer data banks?
A. to protect the rights of the individual
B. to maintain discipline in society
C. to encourage economic and social research
D. to collect wide-ranging information

单选题 Too much caution in the use of computers will ______.
A. prevent the solution of economic problems
B. cause more suppression of human freedom
C. lead to clumsy methods of protection
D. interfere with our study of society

单选题 What lessons can be learned from the past in this debate?
A. Crime has always been associated with progress.
B. Attacks on freedom are nothing new.
C. The accumulation of data encourages oppression.
D. Privacy has been a neglected issue.

单选题 The arrival of the computer has made man ______.
A. have more difficulty understanding himself
B. think more like a machine
C. look at himself in a different way
D. gain less satisfaction from his work

单选题 If you had to split this passage into two sections, where would be the best place to make the division?
A. after the first paragraph
B. after the second paragraph
C. after the third paragraph
D. after the fourth paragraph